{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1989080406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2014.2371821","title":"Bag-of-Frequencies: A Descriptor of Pulmonary Nodules in Computed Tomography Images","display_name":"Bag-of-Frequencies: A Descriptor of Pulmonary Nodules in Computed Tomography Images","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1989080406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2014.2371821","mag":"1989080406","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25420257"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2014.2371821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2014.2371821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2066/154627","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002905948","display_name":"Francesco Ciompi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8327-9606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Ciompi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020018643","display_name":"Colin Jacobs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1180-3805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137873","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04farme71","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137873","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colin Jacobs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137873"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076461780","display_name":"Ernst T. Scholten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1982-2763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernst Th. Scholten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111386658","display_name":"Mathilde Marie Winkler Wille","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802582725","display_name":"Gentofte Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/051dzw862","country_code":"DK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802582725"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mathilde M. W. Wille","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gentofte Hospital, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gentofte Hospital, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802582725"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004200111","display_name":"Pim A. de Jong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4840-6854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3018483916","display_name":"University Medical Center Utrecht","ror":"https://ror.org/0575yy874","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3018483916"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pim A. de Jong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Utrecht University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3018483916","https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040734781","display_name":"Mathias Prokop","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8157-8055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mathias Prokop","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042982766","display_name":"Bram van Ginneken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2028-8972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137873","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04farme71","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137873","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]}],"countries":["DE","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bram van Ginneken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137873"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002905948"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3208,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95808149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"4","first_page":"962","last_page":"973"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7115943431854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6807703971862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.6546446084976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5910634398460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nodule","display_name":"Nodule (geology)","score":0.5763005018234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.4792928099632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47799554467201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-invariant-feature-transform","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","score":0.44708049297332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computed-tomography","display_name":"Computed tomography","score":0.4155912399291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4145960807800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomography","display_name":"Tomography","score":0.41381651163101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4065665006637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.29317381978034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17177033424377441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.1410267949104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.10170233249664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.10096454620361328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7115943431854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6807703971862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.6546446084976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5910634398460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776731575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916245","display_name":"Nodule (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5763005018234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4792928099632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47799554467201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61265191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767770","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","level":3,"score":0.44708049297332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.4155912399291992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4145960807800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.41381651163101196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4065665006637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29317381978034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17177033424377441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.1410267949104309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10170233249664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10096454620361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003074","descriptor_name":"Solitary Pulmonary Nodule","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003074","descriptor_name":"Solitary Pulmonary Nodule","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003074","descriptor_name":"Solitary Pulmonary Nodule","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2014.2371821","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2014.2371821","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25420257","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25420257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/240376","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/240376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/154627","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2066/154627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401067","display_name":"Radboud Repository (Radboud University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","host_organization_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"},{"id":"pmh:ru:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/154627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2066/154627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 34, 1 - 12","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:ru:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/154627","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2066/154627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 34, 1 - 12","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10342353","https://openalex.org/W130099911","https://openalex.org/W1523306195","https://openalex.org/W1909894032","https://openalex.org/W1978224241","https://openalex.org/W1992102644","https://openalex.org/W1992122542","https://openalex.org/W2000123870","https://openalex.org/W2005992530","https://openalex.org/W2011378499","https://openalex.org/W2027813187","https://openalex.org/W2030242883","https://openalex.org/W2080448710","https://openalex.org/W2107034620","https://openalex.org/W2108735112","https://openalex.org/W2114175038","https://openalex.org/W2130068374","https://openalex.org/W2132014319","https://openalex.org/W2133145320","https://openalex.org/W2147757711","https://openalex.org/W2148076415","https://openalex.org/W2149961050","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2157908245","https://openalex.org/W2161430726","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W6600423445","https://openalex.org/W6648367458","https://openalex.org/W6679859549","https://openalex.org/W7075742223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281928084","https://openalex.org/W4210680147","https://openalex.org/W2076289882","https://openalex.org/W4244083225","https://openalex.org/W2168562287","https://openalex.org/W2341400081","https://openalex.org/W2083751184","https://openalex.org/W2345915074","https://openalex.org/W3212974055","https://openalex.org/W193426339"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,145,166],"present":[1],"a":[2,50,59,69,83,92,110,125,135],"novel":[3],"descriptor":[4,17,95,148,169],"for":[5,186],"the":[6,47,63,99,105,114,119,129,139,142,147,168,205],"characterization":[7,163],"of":[8,73,101,138,157,164],"pulmonary":[9],"nodules":[10,158],"in":[11,49,141,190,203],"computed":[12],"tomography":[13],"(CT)":[14],"images.":[15],"The":[16,94],"encodes":[18],"information":[19],"on":[20,30,42,46,118,149,170],"nodule":[21,31,115,140,151],"morphology":[22,32,152],"and":[23,26,77,162,177,179,193,198],"has":[24],"scale-invariant":[25],"rotation-invariant":[27],"properties.":[28],"Information":[29],"is":[33,56,66,75,86,96],"captured":[34],"by":[35],"sampling":[36,120],"intensity":[37,54],"profiles":[38],"along":[39,103],"circular":[40],"patterns":[41],"spherical":[43],"surfaces":[44],"centered":[45],"nodule,":[48],"multi-scale":[51],"fashion.":[52],"Each":[53],"profile":[55],"interpreted":[57],"as":[58,98,122,124],"periodic":[60],"signal,":[61],"where":[62],"Fourier":[64],"transform":[65],"applied,":[67],"obtaining":[68,82],"spectrum.":[70],"A":[71],"library":[72],"spectra":[74,91],"created":[76],"labeled":[78],"via":[79],"unsupervised":[80],"clustering,":[81],"Bag-of-Frequencies,":[84],"which":[85],"used":[87],"to":[88,112,127,133],"assign":[89],"each":[90],"label.":[93],"obtained":[97],"histogram":[100],"labels":[102],"all":[104,204],"spheres.":[106],"Additional":[107],"contributions":[108],"are":[109],"technique":[111,126],"estimate":[113],"size,":[116],"based":[117],"strategy,":[121],"well":[123],"choose":[128],"most":[130],"informative":[131],"plane":[132],"cut":[134],"2-D":[136],"view":[137],"3-D":[143,187,199],"image.":[144],"evaluate":[146],"several":[150],"classification":[153],"problems,":[154],"namely":[155,196],"discrimination":[156],"versus":[159],"vascular":[160],"structures":[161],"spiculation.":[165],"validate":[167],"data":[171],"from":[172],"European":[173],"screening":[174],"trials":[175],"NELSON":[176],"DLCST":[178],"we":[180],"compare":[181],"it":[182],"with":[183],"state-of-the-art":[184],"approaches":[185],"shape":[188],"description":[189],"medical":[191],"imaging":[192],"computer":[194],"vision,":[195],"SPHARM":[197],"SIFT,":[200],"outperforming":[201],"them":[202],"considered":[206],"experiments.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
