{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2060532604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2014.2347810","title":"Bias Reduction for Low-Statistics PET: Maximum Likelihood Reconstruction With a Modified Poisson Distribution","display_name":"Bias Reduction for Low-Statistics PET: Maximum Likelihood Reconstruction With a Modified Poisson Distribution","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2060532604","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2014.2347810","mag":"2060532604","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25137726"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2014.2347810","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2014.2347810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/485626","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022196693","display_name":"Katrien Van Slambrouck","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Katrien Van Slambrouck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Imaging and Pathology, Medical Imaging Research Center, Leuven, Belgium","Department of Imaging and Pathology: Division of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging Research Center, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Imaging and Pathology, Medical Imaging Research Center, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Imaging and Pathology: Division of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging Research Center, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086578142","display_name":"Simon Stute","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6027-5861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090001","display_name":"Institut d'Imagerie Biom\u00e9dicale","ror":"https://ror.org/009ay5m23","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102197404","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210090001","https://openalex.org/I4210096427","https://openalex.org/I4210102665","https://openalex.org/I4210113668"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Stute","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEA, DSV, I2BM, SHFJ, Orsay, France","CEA, DSV, I2BM, SHFJ, Orsay, (France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEA, DSV, I2BM, SHFJ, Orsay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090001","https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEA, DSV, I2BM, SHFJ, Orsay, (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035895321","display_name":"Claude Comtat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4691-7001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090001","display_name":"Institut d'Imagerie Biom\u00e9dicale","ror":"https://ror.org/009ay5m23","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102197404","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I4210090001","https://openalex.org/I4210096427","https://openalex.org/I4210102665","https://openalex.org/I4210113668"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claude Comtat","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEA, DSV, I2BM, SHFJ, Orsay, France","CEA, DSV, I2BM, SHFJ, Orsay, (France)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEA, DSV, I2BM, SHFJ, Orsay, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090001","https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEA, DSV, I2BM, SHFJ, Orsay, (France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049966705","display_name":"M. Sibomana","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Merence Sibomana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sibomana Consulting SPRL, Emines, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sibomana Consulting SPRL, Emines, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083325645","display_name":"Floris H. P. van Velden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2859-2119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I911458345","display_name":"Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/00q6h8f30","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151833","https://openalex.org/I911458345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Floris H. P. van Velden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I911458345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029713359","display_name":"Ronald Boellaard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0313-5686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I911458345","display_name":"Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/00q6h8f30","country_code":"NL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151833","https://openalex.org/I911458345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Boellaard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I911458345"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067061978","display_name":"Johan Nuyts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1923-6198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johan Nuyts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Imaging and Pathology, Medical Imaging Research Center, Leuven, Belgium","Department of Imaging and Pathology: Division of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging Research Center, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Imaging and Pathology, Medical Imaging Research Center, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Imaging and Pathology: Division of Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging Research Center, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022196693"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1544,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86515307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"1","first_page":"126","last_page":"136"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11216","display_name":"Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-distribution","display_name":"Poisson distribution","score":0.72356778383255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.6103729605674744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5518560409545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5431874990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.5385786890983582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.5383220314979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5004401206970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectation\u2013maximization-algorithm","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","score":0.48905882239341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.4269605875015259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28747785091400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23194095492362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2203267216682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.13605675101280212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.0956815779209137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100906024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205692","display_name":"Poisson distribution","level":2,"score":0.72356778383255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.6103729605674744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5518560409545898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5431874990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5385786890983582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5383220314979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5004401206970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182081679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1275153","display_name":"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm","level":3,"score":0.48905882239341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4269605875015259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28747785091400146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23194095492362976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2203267216682434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.13605675101280212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.0956815779209137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016012","descriptor_name":"Poisson Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016012","descriptor_name":"Poisson Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016012","descriptor_name":"Poisson Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2014.2347810","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2014.2347810","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25137726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25137726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/ece866d0-789d-456e-ae39-3b7c17835a2b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vumc.nl/en/publications/ece866d0-789d-456e-ae39-3b7c17835a2b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055350","display_name":"Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Van Slambrouck, K, Stute, S, Comtat, C, Sibomana, M, van Velden, F H P, Boellaard, R & Nuyts, J 2015, 'Bias Reduction for Low-Statistics PET: Maximum Likelihood Reconstruction With a Modified Poisson Distribution', IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 126-136. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2014.2347810","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/485626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/485626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 34 (1), (126-136)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.amsterdamumc.nl:openaire/557da045-45fd-4314-af98-8d3946563119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.amsterdamumc.nl/en/publications/557da045-45fd-4314-af98-8d3946563119","pdf_url":"https://pure.amsterdamumc.nl/ws/files/178267672/Bias-reduction-for-low-statistics-pet-maximum-likelihood-reconstruction-with-a-modified-poisson-distribution.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055222","display_name":"Pure Amsterdam UMC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Van Slambrouck, K, Stute, S, Comtat, C, Sibomana, M, van Velden, F H P, Boellaard, R & Nuyts, J 2015, 'Bias Reduction for Low-Statistics PET: Maximum Likelihood Reconstruction With a Modified Poisson Distribution', IEEE transactions on medical imaging, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 126-136. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2014.2347810","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4465546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4465546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/485626","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/485626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, vol. 34 (1), (126-136)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1647554959","https://openalex.org/W1978043757","https://openalex.org/W2014024561","https://openalex.org/W2016987771","https://openalex.org/W2020215885","https://openalex.org/W2021594562","https://openalex.org/W2031529867","https://openalex.org/W2046017960","https://openalex.org/W2059219877","https://openalex.org/W2062095919","https://openalex.org/W2069629287","https://openalex.org/W2070130928","https://openalex.org/W2083018116","https://openalex.org/W2096873137","https://openalex.org/W2102551938","https://openalex.org/W2114813993","https://openalex.org/W2117893569","https://openalex.org/W2136105338","https://openalex.org/W2149283592","https://openalex.org/W2153172062","https://openalex.org/W2154744699","https://openalex.org/W2169010780","https://openalex.org/W2540151821","https://openalex.org/W2542559739","https://openalex.org/W6674613097","https://openalex.org/W6682020118"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2022260956","https://openalex.org/W1994426410","https://openalex.org/W2099104012","https://openalex.org/W2116627107","https://openalex.org/W2486916328","https://openalex.org/W2093283732","https://openalex.org/W2021846689","https://openalex.org/W2004114885","https://openalex.org/W4309119257","https://openalex.org/W2177676267"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Positron":[0],"emission":[1],"tomography":[2],"data":[3,81],"are":[4,46,144],"typically":[5],"reconstructed":[6,116],"with":[7,35,218,228],"maximum":[8],"likelihood":[9],"expectation":[10],"maximization":[11],"(MLEM).":[12],"However,":[13,235],"MLEM":[14],"suffers":[15],"from":[16],"positive":[17],"bias":[18,36,135,156,224],"due":[19],"to":[20,50,53,58,125,133,164,176,183,186,226],"the":[21,69,87,90,97,115,121,141,152,155,193,215],"non-negativity":[22],"constraint.":[23],"This":[24,168,190],"is":[25,63,72,93,102],"particularly":[26],"problematic":[27],"for":[28,78,114,243],"tracer":[29],"kinetic":[30],"modeling.":[31],"Two":[32],"reconstruction":[33,227],"methods":[34],"reduction":[37,136,157],"properties":[38],"that":[39,170],"do":[40],"not":[41],"use":[42],"strict":[43],"Poisson":[44,70,91],"optimization":[45],"presented":[47],"and":[48,57,89,111,158,200,237],"compared":[49,225],"each":[51],"other,":[52],"filtered":[54],"backprojection":[55],"(FBP),":[56],"MLEM.":[59],"The":[60,83,99,146],"first":[61],"method":[62,101],"an":[64],"extension":[65],"of":[66,96,105,140,148,154,195,246],"NEGML,":[67],"where":[68],"distribution":[71,77],"replaced":[73],"by":[74],"a":[75,94,103,109,129,211],"Gaussian":[76,88],"low":[79],"count":[80],"points.":[82],"transition":[84],"point":[85],"between":[86],"regime":[92],"parameter":[95,147],"model.":[98],"second":[100],"simplification":[104],"ABML.":[106],"ABML":[107],"has":[108,120,210],"lower":[110,131,142,203,223],"upper":[112,122],"bound":[113,123,132,143],"image":[117],"whereas":[118],"AML":[119,127,201,238],"set":[124],"infinity.":[126],"uses":[128],"negative":[130],"obtain":[134,187],"properties.":[137],"Different":[138],"choices":[139],"studied.":[145],"both":[149,171,240],"algorithms":[150,172],"determines":[151],"effectiveness":[153],"should":[159],"be":[160,184],"chosen":[161],"large":[162,212,244],"enough":[163],"ensure":[165],"bias-free":[166,188,241],"images.":[167],"means":[169],"become":[173],"more":[174],"similar":[175],"least":[177],"squares":[178],"algorithms,":[179],"which":[180],"turned":[181],"out":[182],"necessary":[185],"reconstructions.":[189],"comes":[191],"at":[192],"cost":[194],"increased":[196],"variance.":[197],"Nevertheless,":[198],"NEGML":[199,236],"have":[202],"variance":[204],"than":[205],"FBP.":[206],"Furthermore,":[207],"randoms":[208,220,230,232],"handling":[209],"influence":[213],"on":[214],"bias.":[216],"Reconstruction":[217],"smoothed":[219],"results":[221],"in":[222],"unsmoothed":[229],"or":[231],"precorrected":[233],"data.":[234],"yield":[239],"images":[242],"values":[245],"their":[247],"parameter.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}