{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986227147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2014.2318175","title":"ML-Reconstruction for TOF-PET With Simultaneous Estimation of the Attenuation Factors","display_name":"ML-Reconstruction for TOF-PET With Simultaneous Estimation of the Attenuation Factors","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986227147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2014.2318175","mag":"1986227147","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24760903"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2014.2318175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2014.2318175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078219390","display_name":"Ahmadreza Rezaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9843-8080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmadreza Rezaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuclear Medicine Department, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuclear Medicine Department, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036773393","display_name":"Michel Defrise","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8999-2920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel Defrise","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuclear Medicine Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuclear Medicine Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067061978","display_name":"Johan Nuyts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1923-6198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johan Nuyts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nuclear Medicine Department, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nuclear Medicine Department, K.U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078219390"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.3882,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":106,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99114039,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"7","first_page":"1563","last_page":"1572"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correction-for-attenuation","display_name":"Correction for attenuation","score":0.8723829388618469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attenuation","display_name":"Attenuation","score":0.7049448490142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.6884419918060303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positron-emission-tomography","display_name":"Positron emission tomography","score":0.6600345969200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6581038236618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanner","display_name":"Scanner","score":0.6266711950302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5737507343292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5178511738777161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.47507017850875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomography","display_name":"Tomography","score":0.4613812565803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4331294298171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.427787721157074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-medicine","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","score":0.3423353433609009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.25132113695144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.24601450562477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.07445484399795532}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123688308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7309537","display_name":"Correction for attenuation","level":3,"score":0.8723829388618469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.7049448490142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.6884419918060303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775842073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208376","display_name":"Positron emission tomography","level":2,"score":0.6600345969200134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6581038236618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474480","display_name":"Scanner","level":2,"score":0.6266711950302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5737507343292236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5178511738777161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.47507017850875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841267","display_name":"Tomography","level":2,"score":0.4613812565803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4331294298171997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.427787721157074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.3423353433609009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.25132113695144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24601450562477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07445484399795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013909","descriptor_name":"Thorax","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013909","descriptor_name":"Thorax","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013909","descriptor_name":"Thorax","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019047","descriptor_name":"Phantoms, Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049268","descriptor_name":"Positron-Emission Tomography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2014.2318175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2014.2318175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24760903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24760903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:204924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:88182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/mlreconstruction-for-tofpet-with-simultaneous-estimation-of-the-attenuation-factors(48d8461e-179b-4f58-b2aa-30ff140ee588).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324595","display_name":"Universiteit Antwerpen","ror":"https://ror.org/008x57b05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975807412","https://openalex.org/W1978579493","https://openalex.org/W1996857045","https://openalex.org/W2002692713","https://openalex.org/W2014362992","https://openalex.org/W2042926024","https://openalex.org/W2044387665","https://openalex.org/W2047284752","https://openalex.org/W2069090100","https://openalex.org/W2077939678","https://openalex.org/W2083586222","https://openalex.org/W2084651306","https://openalex.org/W2089221057","https://openalex.org/W2098628112","https://openalex.org/W2101210739","https://openalex.org/W2120975014","https://openalex.org/W2128585362","https://openalex.org/W2129433790","https://openalex.org/W2133175443","https://openalex.org/W2138599015","https://openalex.org/W2140239104","https://openalex.org/W2145537745","https://openalex.org/W2149465693","https://openalex.org/W2150822300","https://openalex.org/W2156612134","https://openalex.org/W2176868311","https://openalex.org/W2538195249","https://openalex.org/W2545570528","https://openalex.org/W2545690872","https://openalex.org/W2547457819","https://openalex.org/W6679520547","https://openalex.org/W6680809531","https://openalex.org/W6728926028"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245233074","https://openalex.org/W4232857084","https://openalex.org/W1517555227","https://openalex.org/W762151464","https://openalex.org/W2389610024","https://openalex.org/W4239804034","https://openalex.org/W2911295078","https://openalex.org/W2167528937","https://openalex.org/W2799023716","https://openalex.org/W2056742148"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,49],"positron":[1],"emission":[2,24],"tomography":[3],"(PET),":[4],"attenuation":[5,32,71],"correction":[6],"is":[7,42,75,107],"typically":[8],"done":[9],"based":[10],"on":[11],"information":[12],"obtained":[13],"from":[14],"transmission":[15],"tomography.":[16],"Recent":[17],"studies":[18],"show":[19],"that":[20,37,59],"time-of-flight":[21],"(TOF)":[22],"PET":[23],"data":[25],"allow":[26],"joint":[27,39],"estimation":[28,40],"of":[29,69,88,99,111],"activity":[30,63],"and":[31,79,92],"images.":[33],"Mathematical":[34],"analysis":[35],"revealed":[36],"the":[38,62,67,70,100,112,116],"problem":[41],"determined":[43],"up":[44],"to":[45,94,102],"a":[46,54,89],"scale":[47],"factor.":[48],"this":[50],"work,":[51],"we":[52],"propose":[53],"maximum":[55],"likelihood":[56],"reconstruction":[57],"algorithm":[58,74,101],"jointly":[60],"estimates":[61],"image":[64],"together":[65],"with":[66,77,109],"sinogram":[68],"factors.":[72],"The":[73,97],"evaluated":[76],"2-D":[78],"3-D":[80],"simulations":[81],"as":[82,84],"well":[83],"clinical":[85],"TOF-PET":[86],"measurements":[87],"patient":[90,113],"scan":[91,114],"compared":[93],"reference":[95],"reconstructions.":[96],"robustness":[98],"possible":[103],"imperfect":[104],"scanner":[105],"calibration":[106],"demonstrated":[108],"reconstructions":[110],"ignoring":[115],"varying":[117],"detector":[118],"sensitivities.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
