{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2144254215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2009.2035813","title":"Robust 3-D Airway Tree Segmentation for Image-Guided Peripheral Bronchoscopy","display_name":"Robust 3-D Airway Tree Segmentation for Image-Guided Peripheral Bronchoscopy","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2144254215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2009.2035813","mag":"2144254215","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20335095"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2009.2035813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2009.2035813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013287696","display_name":"Michael W. Graham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1189-8640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M.W. Graham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","[Google Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Google Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110327796","display_name":"Jason D. Gibbs","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147030","display_name":"Broncus (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0488tfs18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147030"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.D. Gibbs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Broncus Technologies, PA, USA","Broncus Technol., State College, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Broncus Technologies, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147030"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Broncus Technol., State College, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030939276","display_name":"Duane C. Cornish","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.C. Cornish","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pennsylvania State University  University Park PA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering Pennsylvania State University  University Park PA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090923952","display_name":"William E. Higgins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4781-9374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W.E. Higgins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Engineering and Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","Depts. of Electr. Eng., Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Engineering and Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Depts. of Electr. Eng., Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013287696"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1596,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":96,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95704951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"4","first_page":"982","last_page":"997"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airway","display_name":"Airway","score":0.6531949639320374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6469868421554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bronchoscopy","display_name":"Bronchoscopy","score":0.6091214418411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5919079780578613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5361328721046448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4935954809188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.46110114455223083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computed-tomography","display_name":"Computed tomography","score":0.43105506896972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.42585963010787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.33641281723976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.13747113943099976}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105922876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423981","display_name":"Airway","level":2,"score":0.6531949639320374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6469868421554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778996910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q237232","display_name":"Bronchoscopy","level":2,"score":0.6091214418411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5919079780578613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5361328721046448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4935954809188843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.46110114455223083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.43105506896972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.42585963010787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.33641281723976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.13747113943099976}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001980","descriptor_name":"Bronchi","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001980","descriptor_name":"Bronchi","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001980","descriptor_name":"Bronchi","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001980","descriptor_name":"Bronchi","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001980","descriptor_name":"Bronchi","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001980","descriptor_name":"Bronchi","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001999","descriptor_name":"Bronchoscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001999","descriptor_name":"Bronchoscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001999","descriptor_name":"Bronchoscopy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D021621","descriptor_name":"Imaging, Three-Dimensional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025321","descriptor_name":"Surgery, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025321","descriptor_name":"Surgery, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025321","descriptor_name":"Surgery, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmi.2009.2035813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2009.2035813","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58069681","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","issn_l":"0278-0062","issn":["0278-0062","1558-254X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:20335095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20335095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on medical imaging","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310419","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12331887","https://openalex.org/W24691852","https://openalex.org/W1564419782","https://openalex.org/W1646848978","https://openalex.org/W1841481194","https://openalex.org/W1989986719","https://openalex.org/W1991458728","https://openalex.org/W1998490521","https://openalex.org/W2001860410","https://openalex.org/W2007021989","https://openalex.org/W2007169017","https://openalex.org/W2014204921","https://openalex.org/W2022260017","https://openalex.org/W2026638030","https://openalex.org/W2029211937","https://openalex.org/W2035384410","https://openalex.org/W2037913248","https://openalex.org/W2046023629","https://openalex.org/W2059704939","https://openalex.org/W2067871685","https://openalex.org/W2073461217","https://openalex.org/W2075206150","https://openalex.org/W2076873203","https://openalex.org/W2082800450","https://openalex.org/W2091569892","https://openalex.org/W2099850279","https://openalex.org/W2101975343","https://openalex.org/W2102670371","https://openalex.org/W2119347922","https://openalex.org/W2120085308","https://openalex.org/W2123169298","https://openalex.org/W2126279222","https://openalex.org/W2130039652","https://openalex.org/W2130384788","https://openalex.org/W2133793450","https://openalex.org/W2134240392","https://openalex.org/W2136057478","https://openalex.org/W2143944689","https://openalex.org/W2150398959","https://openalex.org/W2150664451","https://openalex.org/W2152481430","https://openalex.org/W2157952725","https://openalex.org/W2160805877","https://openalex.org/W2167794938","https://openalex.org/W2170925826","https://openalex.org/W2326587081","https://openalex.org/W2740373864","https://openalex.org/W2752885492","https://openalex.org/W3198160809","https://openalex.org/W3211071089","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600526670","https://openalex.org/W6649758852","https://openalex.org/W6652178188","https://openalex.org/W6659764606"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2517104666","https://openalex.org/W2005437358","https://openalex.org/W1669643531","https://openalex.org/W2008656436","https://openalex.org/W2134924024","https://openalex.org/W2023558673","https://openalex.org/W2110230079","https://openalex.org/W1982826852","https://openalex.org/W2613186388","https://openalex.org/W1967061043"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"vital":[1],"task":[2],"in":[3],"the":[4,10,13,32,62,82,92,98,114,123],"planning":[5],"of":[6,12,61,86,106],"peripheral":[7,34],"bronchoscopy":[8,120],"is":[9],"segmentation":[11,60],"airway":[14,73,89,116],"tree":[15],"from":[16],"a":[17,39,43,58,76],"3-D":[18],"multidetector":[19],"computed":[20],"tomography":[21],"chest":[22],"scan.":[23],"Unfortunately,":[24],"existing":[25],"methods":[26],"typically":[27,101],"do":[28],"not":[29],"sufficiently":[30],"extract":[31],"necessary":[33],"airways":[35,107],"needed":[36],"to":[37],"plan":[38],"procedure.":[40],"We":[41],"present":[42],"robust":[44],"method":[45,55,79,100],"that":[46,97,113],"draws":[47],"upon":[48],"both":[49,81],"local":[50],"and":[51,84,112],"global":[52],"information.":[53],"The":[54],"begins":[56],"with":[57],"conservative":[59],"major":[63],"airways.":[64],"Follow-on":[65],"stages":[66],"then":[67],"exhaustively":[68],"search":[69],"for":[70,91],"additional":[71],"candidate":[72,88],"locations.":[74],"Finally,":[75],"graph-based":[77],"optimization":[78],"counterbalances":[80],"benefit":[83],"cost":[85],"retaining":[87],"locations":[90],"final":[93],"segmentation.":[94],"Results":[95],"demonstrate":[96],"proposed":[99],"extracts":[102],"2-3":[103],"more":[104],"generations":[105],"than":[108,127],"several":[109],"other":[110],"methods,":[111],"extracted":[115],"trees":[117],"enable":[118],"image-guided":[119],"deeper":[121],"into":[122],"human":[124],"lung":[125],"periphery":[126],"past":[128],"studies.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}