{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7135063175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3673282","title":"Performance Analysis and Optimization of 2-LRU Under Asymmetric Tier Sizing for Mobile Edge Caching","display_name":"Performance Analysis and Optimization of 2-LRU Under Asymmetric Tier Sizing for Mobile Edge Caching","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7135063175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3673282"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2026.3673282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3673282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024216582","display_name":"Bohao Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8129-8675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bohao Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8129-8675","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045654129","display_name":"Aleteng Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9480-2415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aleteng Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399933","display_name":"Kai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7331-4727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7331-4727","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128849193","display_name":"Shui Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shui Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4485-6743","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122347609","display_name":"Hongke Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongke Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8906-813X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20289815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"8","first_page":"13354","last_page":"13365"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.8780999779701233,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.8780999779701233,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.02459999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.01759999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.44760000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-telephony","display_name":"Mobile telephony","score":0.42989999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-radio","display_name":"Cellular radio","score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-computing","display_name":"Mobile computing","score":0.3377000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm-design","display_name":"Algorithm design","score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.32120001316070557}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5340999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.44760000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.44269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.42989999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986910011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Cellular radio","level":3,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.3377000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32339999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781307350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887221","display_name":"Mobile radio","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2026.3673282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3673282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4272446380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995673582","https://openalex.org/W2060585552","https://openalex.org/W2150495639","https://openalex.org/W2759494136","https://openalex.org/W2792025388","https://openalex.org/W2911553270","https://openalex.org/W3184543897","https://openalex.org/W4221138932","https://openalex.org/W4226117788","https://openalex.org/W4290993925","https://openalex.org/W4311398250","https://openalex.org/W4311414002","https://openalex.org/W4385834248","https://openalex.org/W4387129518","https://openalex.org/W4387447895","https://openalex.org/W4387717447","https://openalex.org/W4388018903","https://openalex.org/W4388838073","https://openalex.org/W4389252700","https://openalex.org/W4391319134","https://openalex.org/W4391853712","https://openalex.org/W4392453365","https://openalex.org/W4393241045","https://openalex.org/W4399168153","https://openalex.org/W4401567497","https://openalex.org/W4406610126","https://openalex.org/W4407128684","https://openalex.org/W4407735890","https://openalex.org/W4408124994","https://openalex.org/W4409640672"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"edge":[1],"caching":[2,40],"plays":[3],"a":[4,96,120,134,232],"crucial":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,91],"traffic":[8],"offloading":[9],"for":[10,137,169],"access":[11],"networks.":[12],"By":[13],"storing":[14],"frequently":[15],"requested":[16],"content":[17,203],"items":[18],"close":[19],"to":[20,54,74,110,125,156],"subscribers,":[21],"it":[22],"significantly":[23],"reduces":[24],"data":[25],"retrieval":[26],"latency,":[27],"mitigates":[28],"backhaul":[29],"congestion,":[30],"and":[31,105,132,163,218,231],"alleviates":[32],"the":[33,42,79,107,127,143,160,165,170,176,180,195,199,207,239],"load":[34],"on":[35,175],"remote":[36],"servers.":[37],"Among":[38],"various":[39],"strategies,":[41,225],"two-tier":[43],"Least":[44],"Recently":[45],"Used":[46],"(2-LRU)":[47],"policy":[48],"has":[49],"been":[50],"widely":[51],"adopted":[52],"due":[53],"its":[55,138,147,220],"efficient":[56],"popularity-aware":[57],"filtering":[58],"capability":[59],"while":[60],"maintaining$\\mathcal":[61],"{O}(1)$computational":[62],"complexity.":[63],"However,":[64],"conventional":[65],"2-LRU":[66,100,131,190,228],"often":[67],"allocates":[68],"an":[69,188],"equal":[70],"number":[71],"of":[72,99,130,146,159,179,241],"entries":[73],"both":[75],"LRU":[76,149,172],"tiers,":[77],"overlooking":[78],"potential":[80],"cache":[81,139,208],"hit":[82,140,144,209],"ratio":[83,145,210],"gains":[84],"achievable":[85],"through":[86],"asymmetric":[87,102],"tier-size":[88],"configurations.":[89],"Therefore,":[90],"this":[92],"paper,":[93],"we":[94,117,183,213],"present":[95],"comprehensive":[97],"analysis":[98],"under":[101],"tier":[103],"sizing,":[104],"leverage":[106],"obtained":[108],"insights":[109],"further":[111,184],"guide":[112],"performance":[113,221],"optimization.":[114],"In":[115],"particular,":[116],"first":[118],"construct":[119],"discrete-time":[121],"Markov":[122],"chain":[123],"model":[124,162],"characterize":[126],"state":[128],"transitions":[129],"derive":[133],"closed-form":[135],"expression":[136],"probability,":[141],"i.e.,":[142],"second-tier":[148],"($C_{2}$).":[150],"We":[151],"then":[152],"perform":[153],"extensive":[154],"simulations":[155],"validate":[157],"accuracy":[158],"proposed":[161,243],"investigate":[164],"optimal":[166],"size":[167,196],"settings":[168],"first-tier":[171],"($C_{1}$).":[173],"Building":[174],"key":[177],"implications":[178],"associated":[181],"results,":[182],"propose":[185],"2LRU-$\\Delta":[186,215],"C_{1}$,":[187],"enhanced":[189],"scheme":[191],"that":[192],"dynamically":[193],"adjusts":[194],"of$C_{1}$to":[197],"accelerate":[198],"population":[200],"of$C_{2}$with":[201],"popular":[202],"data,":[204],"thereby":[205],"improving":[206],"of$C_{2}$.":[211],"Finally,":[212],"implement":[214],"C_{1}$in":[216],"NS-3":[217],"evaluate":[219],"against":[222],"several":[223],"baseline":[224],"including":[226],"LRU,":[227],"($C_{1}=C_{2}$),":[229],"LFU,":[230],"DRL-based":[233],"policy.":[234],"Corresponding":[235],"results":[236],"have":[237],"confirmed":[238],"efficiency":[240],"our":[242],"scheme.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2026-03-13T00:00:00"}
