{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131256068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3667477","title":"Interpolate-Then-Detect: A New Framework of FMCW Radar Object Detection With Frame Interpolation for Autonomous Driving","display_name":"Interpolate-Then-Detect: A New Framework of FMCW Radar Object Detection With Frame Interpolation for Autonomous Driving","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131256068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3667477"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2026.3667477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3667477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071014090","display_name":"Pengfei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1434-0085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1434-0085","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059104364","display_name":"Minyang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minyang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126722159","display_name":"Ting Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8163-3146","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123970727","display_name":"Fan Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8038-8150","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126710170","display_name":"Kunpeng Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunpeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1474-3169","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126683841","display_name":"Philip S. Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip S. Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3491-5968","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15044647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"8","first_page":"11646","last_page":"11661"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.23479999601840973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.23479999601840973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.1972000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.15039999783039093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6086999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.524399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5146999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.44119998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.39739999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.39309999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.382999986410141}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6657000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6611999869346619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6086999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.524399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5146999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.44119998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.39739999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.39309999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.3801000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.33629998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150627866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076893","display_name":"Field of view","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2026.3667477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3667477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2278457346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62572097","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5422811002","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23A20315","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2604329646","https://openalex.org/W2801818165","https://openalex.org/W2944428032","https://openalex.org/W2949258649","https://openalex.org/W2949903291","https://openalex.org/W2964251418","https://openalex.org/W2981615991","https://openalex.org/W2996476754","https://openalex.org/W2998645105","https://openalex.org/W2999423154","https://openalex.org/W3016223102","https://openalex.org/W3034769793","https://openalex.org/W3090231977","https://openalex.org/W3097947358","https://openalex.org/W3100566518","https://openalex.org/W3120815051","https://openalex.org/W3128655704","https://openalex.org/W3128756061","https://openalex.org/W3134680050","https://openalex.org/W3168286621","https://openalex.org/W3177334024","https://openalex.org/W3197392487","https://openalex.org/W3197625928","https://openalex.org/W3204373876","https://openalex.org/W3212045733","https://openalex.org/W3215023725","https://openalex.org/W4214626557","https://openalex.org/W4225716276","https://openalex.org/W4285813086","https://openalex.org/W4292347911","https://openalex.org/W4293198343","https://openalex.org/W4312324876","https://openalex.org/W4312831872","https://openalex.org/W4312857869","https://openalex.org/W4318617422","https://openalex.org/W4319301042","https://openalex.org/W4378696925","https://openalex.org/W4380303544","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385318467","https://openalex.org/W4385762121","https://openalex.org/W4386047745","https://openalex.org/W4386075762","https://openalex.org/W4387245323","https://openalex.org/W4389610028","https://openalex.org/W4389776770","https://openalex.org/W4389924147","https://openalex.org/W4392450285","https://openalex.org/W4393032756","https://openalex.org/W4399343147","https://openalex.org/W4400646521","https://openalex.org/W4401567667","https://openalex.org/W4401692204","https://openalex.org/W4401878785","https://openalex.org/W4401879614","https://openalex.org/W4402208687","https://openalex.org/W4402592741","https://openalex.org/W4402704626","https://openalex.org/W4402715988","https://openalex.org/W4402716032","https://openalex.org/W4402727865","https://openalex.org/W4402727915","https://openalex.org/W4402753376","https://openalex.org/W4402754167","https://openalex.org/W4403094596","https://openalex.org/W4412702853","https://openalex.org/W4414721471","https://openalex.org/W4415796990","https://openalex.org/W4416368520","https://openalex.org/W4417138146","https://openalex.org/W7160147448"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ensuring":[0],"reliable":[1,188],"object":[2,37,85,189],"detection":[3,86,97,190],"in":[4,18,136,172,179,191],"adverse":[5],"conditions":[6],"is":[7,76,87],"paramount":[8],"for":[9,66,185],"safe":[10],"autonomous":[11],"driving.":[12],"While":[13],"cameras":[14],"and":[15,84,99,134,149,175,187],"LiDAR":[16],"struggle":[17],"such":[19],"scenarios,":[20],"Frequency":[21],"Modulated":[22],"Continuous":[23],"Wave":[24],"(FMCW)":[25],"radar":[26,73,137],"offers":[27],"superior":[28],"robustness,":[29],"but":[30,49],"its":[31,183],"low":[32],"azimuth":[33],"resolution":[34],"can":[35,45],"hinder":[36],"distinction.":[38],"Leveraging":[39],"temporal":[40,100],"information":[41],"across":[42,156],"multiple":[43,110],"frames":[44],"mitigate":[46],"this":[47,70],"limitation,":[48],"the":[50,72,91,144,152,162],"radar's":[51],"inherent":[52],"frame":[53,74],"rate":[54],"poses":[55],"a":[56,61,105,126,168],"constraint.":[57],"This":[58],"paper":[59],"proposes":[60],"deep":[62],"learning-based":[63],"interpolate-then-detect":[64],"framework":[65],"FMCW":[67],"radar.":[68],"In":[69],"framework,":[71],"sequence":[75],"first":[77],"interpolated":[78],"to":[79,124,167],"synthesize":[80],"high-quality":[81],"intermediate":[82],"frames,":[83],"subsequently":[88],"performed":[89],"on":[90],"resulting":[92],"densified":[93],"sequence,":[94],"thereby":[95],"improving":[96],"accuracy":[98],"stability.":[101],"Specifically,":[102],"we":[103],"propose":[104],"unified":[106],"network":[107],"that":[108,130,161],"employs":[109],"Gaussian":[111,122],"Splatting":[112],"Efficient":[113],"Attention":[114],"(GSEA)":[115],"modules.":[116],"Each":[117],"GSEA":[118],"module":[119],"combines":[120],"3D":[121],"splatting":[123],"provide":[125],"probabilistic,":[127],"motion-aware":[128],"embedding":[129],"captures":[131],"spatial":[132],"uncertainty":[133],"variability":[135],"measurements,":[138],"while":[139],"split":[140],"multi-head":[141],"attention":[142],"enlarges":[143],"effective":[145],"spatio-temporal":[146],"receptive":[147],"field":[148],"selectively":[150],"emphasizes":[151],"most":[153],"informative":[154],"features":[155],"frames.":[157],"Experimental":[158],"results":[159],"demonstrate":[160],"proposed":[163],"approach":[164],"achieves":[165],"up":[166],"9.6":[169],"%":[170],"improvement":[171],"average":[173],"precision":[174],"exhibits":[176],"enhanced":[177],"robustness":[178],"noisy":[180],"environments,":[181],"highlighting":[182],"potential":[184],"accurate":[186],"challenging":[192],"driving":[193],"scenarios.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2026-02-25T00:00:00"}
