{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7129496914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3665671","title":"Dynamic and Heterogeneous Network Slicing for Vehicular Edge Computing Based on Two-Timescale Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Dynamic and Heterogeneous Network Slicing for Vehicular Edge Computing Based on Two-Timescale Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7129496914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3665671"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2026.3665671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3665671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/c36c6ae4-b528-411b-b72f-2dde54965c09","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057749373","display_name":"Xiaodong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-926X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xulong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2088-8799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070389270","display_name":"Wencan Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3971-8314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wencan Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3971-8314","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126240588","display_name":"Xinyi Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101817698","display_name":"Yaxi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5012-8502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaxi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5012-8502","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010340533","display_name":"Wei Huangfu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2887-8395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Huangfu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2887-8395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111694609","display_name":"KePing Long","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keping Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6678-6075","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126255343","display_name":"Yu Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4517-3779","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111704371","display_name":"Yusheng Ji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184597095","display_name":"National Institute of Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/04ksd4g47","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319490839","https://openalex.org/I184597095","https://openalex.org/I4210158934"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusheng Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4364-8491","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Architecture Science Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184597095"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18910852,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"7","first_page":"10939","last_page":"10955"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.7354999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.7354999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.1395999938249588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.027499999850988388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.774399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slicing","display_name":"Slicing","score":0.6704000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.585099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-reconfiguration","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","score":0.5817999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.5662999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.4887999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4562999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-network-analysis","display_name":"Dynamic network analysis","score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.42309999465942383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8730999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.774399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776190703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488148","display_name":"Slicing","level":2,"score":0.6704000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6365000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.585099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.5817999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.5662999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.4887999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4562999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13540734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318996","display_name":"Dynamic network analysis","level":2,"score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.42309999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.39629998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776874963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Virtual network","level":2,"score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779898492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Network virtualization","level":4,"score":0.3488999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.3125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107568181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5319000","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","level":3,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139940560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290036","display_name":"Network simulation","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127964446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1092142","display_name":"Computational resource","level":3,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776104089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15894079","display_name":"Location awareness","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37404715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679","display_name":"Dynamic programming","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2026.3665671","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3665671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/143636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/c36c6ae4-b528-411b-b72f-2dde54965c09","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/143636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/c36c6ae4-b528-411b-b72f-2dde54965c09","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401662","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5763521194458008,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2003865078","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7106103422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB2903901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicular":[0],"Edge":[1],"Computing":[2],"(VEC)":[3],"is":[4],"an":[5],"essential":[6],"part":[7],"of":[8,11,31,58,158,178,203],"the":[9,21,26,29,51,76,88,155,167,175,199,218],"Internet":[10],"Vehicles":[12],"(IoV)":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,25,131,138,151,173,187,193,217,229],"its":[16],"low":[17],"latency":[18],"by":[19],"moving":[20],"computational":[22],"resources":[23],"close":[24],"edge.":[27],"Although":[28],"introduction":[30],"network":[32,71,96,122,159,185,221,232],"slicing":[33,72,222,233],"into":[34],"VEC":[35,68],"improves":[36],"resource":[37,41,64,92,116],"utilization":[38],"through":[39,205],"dynamic":[40,82,140],"allocation":[42,65,117],"based":[43,69],"on":[44,70,124,134],"real-time":[45],"demands":[46],"and":[47,53,94,99,118,153,191,201,223],"priorities,":[48],"it":[49],"increases":[50],"deployment":[52],"operational":[54],"costs.":[55],"In":[56,142],"view":[57],"this,":[59],"this":[60,102],"paper":[61,103],"envisions":[62],"a":[63,106,125,135],"strategy":[66],"for":[67,121,184],"technique,":[73],"in":[74,148],"which":[75],"tasks":[77,133],"involved":[78],"are":[79],"not":[80],"only":[81],"but":[83],"also":[84],"heterogeneous.":[85],"To":[86],"minimize":[87],"system":[89,214,226],"cost":[90,215,227],"(including":[91],"consumption":[93],"computation,":[95],"slice":[97],"maintenance":[98],"reconfiguration":[100],"costs),":[101],"proposes":[104],"CST-RL,":[105],"confidence-based":[107],"self-adjusting":[108],"two-timescale":[109],"reinforcement":[110,149],"learning":[111,150],"algorithm.":[112],"This":[113],"solution":[114],"performs":[115],"activation":[119],"scheduling":[120],"slices":[123,130,160,186],"large":[126],"timescale,":[127],"while":[128],"allocating":[129],"heterogeneous":[132],"short":[136],"timescale":[137],"meet":[139],"demands.":[141],"addition,":[143],"we":[144,197],"innovatively":[145],"utilize":[146],"critic":[147],"predict":[152],"compare":[154],"expected":[156],"benefits":[157],"with":[161,235],"versus":[162],"without":[163,220],"reconfiguration.":[164,195],"We":[165],"introduce":[166],"Random":[168],"Network":[169],"Distillation":[170],"(RND)":[171],"technique":[172],"assess":[174],"confidence":[176],"level":[177],"these":[179],"benefits,":[180],"thus":[181],"providing":[182],"guidance":[183],"automatically":[188],"decide":[189],"whether":[190],"when":[192],"undergo":[194],"Finally,":[196],"demonstrate":[198],"effectiveness":[200],"superiority":[202],"CST-RL":[204,210],"simulations.":[206],"Results":[207],"show":[208],"that":[209],"yields":[211],"27.77%":[212],"lower":[213,225],"compared":[216,228],"scheme":[219],"15.15%":[224],"performing":[230],"constant":[231],"configuration,":[234],"guaranteed":[236],"Quality-of-Service.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-18T00:00:00"}
