{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7129010501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3664903","title":"Toward Adaptive IoT Service Balance in Low-Altitude Economy: Multi-UAV-Aided Bi-Objective Wireless Data Collection and Wireless Energy Transfer","display_name":"Toward Adaptive IoT Service Balance in Low-Altitude Economy: Multi-UAV-Aided Bi-Objective Wireless Data Collection and Wireless Energy Transfer","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7129010501","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3664903"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2026.3664903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3664903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100538966","display_name":"Zeyu Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101967924","display_name":"Yueling Che","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueling Che","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2103-9751","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102889190","display_name":"Sheng Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0541-0298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0541-0298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126130655","display_name":"Kaishun Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaishun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["DSA&#x0026;IoT Thrust, Information Hub, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DSA&#x0026;IoT Thrust, Information Hub, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126079647","display_name":"V. C. M. Leung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-2640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24322634,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"7","first_page":"10773","last_page":"10787"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.883400022983551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.883400022983551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.09529999643564224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.010200000368058681,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5297999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-collection","display_name":"Data collection","score":0.49939998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4717000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.4616999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.41350001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.40950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.3977000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.3619999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8601999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5297999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.49939998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.48570001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4717000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.46880000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.4616999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.41350001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.40950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.3977000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.34540000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78834623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640394","display_name":"Mobile broadband","level":3,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2026.3664903","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3664903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8811553120613098}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007120084","https://openalex.org/W2031834036","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2522615148","https://openalex.org/W2788331441","https://openalex.org/W2948175577","https://openalex.org/W2963035841","https://openalex.org/W2963427127","https://openalex.org/W2964023906","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W3102891358","https://openalex.org/W3119264617","https://openalex.org/W3137257456","https://openalex.org/W3166879908","https://openalex.org/W3169114806","https://openalex.org/W4226215778","https://openalex.org/W4226249635","https://openalex.org/W4285211583","https://openalex.org/W4285247160","https://openalex.org/W4377969141","https://openalex.org/W4387453931","https://openalex.org/W4390098402","https://openalex.org/W4393305435","https://openalex.org/W4394018570","https://openalex.org/W4396817487","https://openalex.org/W4400277790","https://openalex.org/W4401379728","https://openalex.org/W4401793915","https://openalex.org/W4407025184","https://openalex.org/W4407638602","https://openalex.org/W4409234864","https://openalex.org/W4409723478"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"development":[2],"of":[3,14,17,102,111,210,243,317],"the":[4,11,15,25,53,57,62,66,71,76,86,93,100,106,109,115,118,125,143,158,170,182,201,240,262,268,274,278,281,284,290,294,300,314,318],"low-altitude":[5],"economy":[6],"(LAE)":[7],"has":[8],"significantly":[9],"enhanced":[10],"service":[12,44,64,83,304],"diversity":[13],"Internet":[16],"Things":[18],"(IoT)":[19],"networks,":[20],"necessitating":[21],"efficient":[22],"coordination":[23],"among":[24],"unmanned":[26],"aerial":[27],"vehicles":[28],"(UAVs).":[29],"In":[30,248],"this":[31,249],"work,":[32],"we":[33,91,146,180,214],"utilize":[34],"multiple":[35,77,244],"UAVs":[36,87],"to":[37,80,98,193,238,297,312,329],"provide":[38],"both":[39],"wireless":[40,46],"data":[41],"collection":[42],"(WDC)":[43],"and":[45,51,65,108,128,134,176,220,264,302],"energy":[47,112],"transfer":[48],"(WET)":[49],"service,":[50,73],"divide":[52],"IoT":[54],"devices":[55],"into":[56,150],"I-devices":[58,107],"that":[59,68],"only":[60,69],"need":[61,70],"WDC":[63,136,275,301],"E-devices":[67,116],"WET":[72,129,265,303],"respectively,":[74],"from":[75],"UAVs.":[78],"Due":[79],"their":[81,135],"conflicting":[82,160],"demands":[84],"on":[85,174],"with":[88,186,206],"limited":[89],"resources,":[90],"formulate":[92],"bi-objective":[94],"optimization":[95,153],"problem":[96,154],"(BOOP)":[97],"minimize":[99],"age":[101],"information":[103],"(AoI)":[104],"for":[105,114,288],"hungry-level":[110],"(HoE)":[113],"at":[117],"same":[119],"time,":[120],"by":[121],"jointly":[122,185],"optimizing":[123],"all":[124,289],"UAVs'":[126],"trajectories":[127],"decisions":[130,137],"over":[131,138,267,293],"time":[132,269],"slots":[133],"sub-slots.":[139,279],"To":[140],"efficiently":[141],"solve":[142],"complex":[144],"BOOP,":[145],"innovatively":[147],"transform":[148],"it":[149],"a":[151,165,207,216,234,255],"single-objective":[152],"(SOOP),":[155],"in":[156],"which":[157,232],"two":[159],"objectives":[161],"are":[162,310],"scalarized":[163],"via":[164],"self-adaptive":[166],"objective":[167,178,183],"weight.":[168],"Unlike":[169],"conventional":[171],"approach":[172,326],"reliant":[173],"fixed":[175],"pre-defined":[177],"weights,":[179],"optimize":[181],"weight":[184],"other":[187],"decision":[188,211],"variables,":[189],"enabling":[190],"automatic":[191],"adaptation":[192],"various":[194],"network":[195],"environments":[196],"without":[197],"human":[198],"intervention.":[199],"However,":[200],"proposed":[202,319],"SOOP":[203],"is":[204],"NP-hard":[205],"large":[208],"number":[209],"variables.":[212],"Accordingly,":[213],"propose":[215],"new":[217],"Multi-Agent":[218],"Adaptive":[219],"Hierarchical":[221],"Deep":[222],"Reinforcement":[223],"Learning":[224],"(MA":[225],"<inline-formula":[226,321],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[227,322],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[228,323],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[229,324],"HDRL)":[230],"framework,":[231,250],"leverages":[233],"central":[235],"controller":[236],"(CC)":[237],"guide":[239],"local":[241],"training":[242,295],"individual":[245],"UAV":[246,252,291],"agents.":[247],"each":[251],"agent":[253],"employs":[254],"two-tier":[256],"hierarchical":[257],"DRL":[258],"model:":[259],"tier-1":[260],"optimizes":[261,273],"trajectory":[263],"policies":[266],"slots,":[270],"while":[271],"tier-2":[272],"policy":[276],"across":[277],"Meanwhile,":[280],"CC":[282],"trains":[283],"global":[285],"reward":[286],"preference":[287],"agents":[292],"episodes,":[296],"adaptively":[298],"balance":[299],"demands.":[305],"Finally,":[306],"extensive":[307],"simulation":[308],"results":[309],"conducted":[311],"demonstrate":[313],"outstanding":[315],"performance":[316],"MA":[320],"HDRL":[325],"as":[327],"compared":[328],"state-of-the-art":[330],"benchmarks.":[331]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-07T06:13:29.825681","created_date":"2026-02-17T00:00:00"}