{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124460784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3654976","title":"Toward Privacy-Preserving and Personalized Smart Homes via Tailored Small Language Models","display_name":"Toward Privacy-Preserving and Personalized Smart Homes via Tailored Small Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124460784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3654976"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2026.3654976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3654976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019099167","display_name":"Xinyu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3125-0411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3125-0411","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049975132","display_name":"Leming Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7661-6432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leming Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7661-6432","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060529475","display_name":"Zijing Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4868-5750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijing Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4868-5750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091556511","display_name":"Yuanqing Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3096-687X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanqing Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3096-687X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.2774,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97241248,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"7","first_page":"9505","last_page":"9520"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.1396999955177307,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.1396999955177307,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.07569999992847443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.0478999987244606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.6032000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5274999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5195000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/home-automation","display_name":"Home automation","score":0.512499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.4722999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-modeling","display_name":"User modeling","score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-environment","display_name":"Smart environment","score":0.37070000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8212000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.6032000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5274999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5195000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C507571656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848436","display_name":"Home automation","level":2,"score":0.512499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.4722999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4634999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.43560001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67712803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7901853","display_name":"User modeling","level":3,"score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152223200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3055471","display_name":"Smart environment","level":3,"score":0.37070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172195944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541265","display_name":"Ubiquitous computing","level":2,"score":0.35420000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34709998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777622855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7901844","display_name":"User information","level":3,"score":0.31139999628067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91262260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528074","display_name":"End user","level":2,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201638289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q457396","display_name":"Ambient intelligence","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2026.3654976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3654976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5016568899154663}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"Language":[1],"Models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"have":[4],"showcased":[5],"remarkable":[6],"generalizability":[7],"in":[8,19],"language":[9,82],"comprehension":[10],"and":[11,35,73,96,113,147,173],"hold":[12],"significant":[13],"potential":[14,52],"to":[15,38,41,55,92,130,150,154,167],"revolutionize":[16],"human-computer":[17],"interaction":[18,120],"smart":[20,24,75,136],"homes.":[21],"Existing":[22],"LLM-based":[23,135],"home":[25,36,76,137],"assistants":[26],"typically":[27],"transmit":[28],"user":[29,33,114,119,174,192],"commands,":[30],"along":[31],"with":[32,78,144],"profiles":[34],"configurations,":[37],"remote":[39,57,155],"servers":[40],"obtain":[42],"personalized":[43,74,187],"services.":[44],"However,":[45],"users":[46,140],"are":[47,142,148],"increasingly":[48],"concerned":[49],"about":[50],"the":[51,56],"privacy":[53],"leaks":[54],"servers.":[58,156],"To":[59,116],"address":[60],"this":[61],"issue,":[62],"we":[63,125,159],"develop":[64,126,160],"<italic":[65,85,102,127,164,182],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[66,86,103,128,165,177,183],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">HomeLLaMA</i>,":[67],"an":[68,132],"on-device":[69],"assistant":[70],"for":[71,139],"privacy-preserving":[72,134],"serving":[77],"a":[79,161],"tailored":[80],"small":[81],"model":[83],"(SLM).":[84],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">HomeLLaMA</i>":[87,104,184],"learns":[88],"from":[89],"cloud":[90],"LLMs":[91],"deliver":[93],"satisfactory":[94],"responses":[95,146],"enable":[97],"user-friendly":[98],"interactions.":[99],"Once":[100],"deployed,":[101],"facilitates":[105],"proactive":[106],"interactions":[107],"by":[108],"continuously":[109],"updating":[110],"local":[111,145],"SLMs":[112],"profiles.":[115],"further":[117],"enhance":[118],"while":[121,189],"protecting":[122],"their":[123],"privacy,":[124],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">PrivShield</i>":[129],"offer":[131],"optional,":[133],"service":[138,169],"who":[141],"unsatisfied":[143],"willing":[149],"send":[151],"less-sensitive":[152],"queries":[153],"For":[157],"evaluation,":[158],"comprehensive":[162],"benchmark,":[163],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">DevFinder</i>,":[166],"assess":[168],"quality.":[170],"Extensive":[171],"experiments":[172],"studies":[175],"(<inline-formula":[176],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[178],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$M=100$</tex-math></inline-formula>)":[179],"demonstrate":[180],"that":[181],"can":[185],"provide":[186],"services":[188],"significantly":[190],"enhancing":[191],"privacy.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2026-01-17T00:00:00"}