{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123341636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3652569","title":"Edge DDoS Attack Mitigation Under Uncertainty: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach","display_name":"Edge DDoS Attack Mitigation Under Uncertainty: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123341636","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3652569"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2026.3652569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3652569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122855256","display_name":"Ruikun Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruikun Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6015-9992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113186315","display_name":"Peize Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peize Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109776435","display_name":"Jining Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112430","display_name":"Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Health and Family Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/022z3g211","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112430"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jining Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Key Laboratory of Digital Infrastructure, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Information Center, Nanning, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Digital Infrastructure, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Information Center, Nanning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121267466","display_name":"Ningjiang Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150807315","display_name":"Guangxi University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c9qn167","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ningjiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Electronic Information, Guangxi University, Nanning, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0187-6760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Electronic Information, Guangxi University, Nanning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150807315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122872190","display_name":"Qiang He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2607-4556","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122882789","display_name":"Feifei Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5455-3792","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xia Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6890-3663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xia Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6890-3663","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122900783","display_name":"Yun Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-5471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03954092,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"6","first_page":"9206","last_page":"9219"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.2881999909877777,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.2881999909877777,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.2102999985218048,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.11680000275373459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.7892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.755299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6434999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.5497000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.5116999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.45899999141693115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8529000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.7892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.755299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6434999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5734999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5548999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.5497000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.5116999745368958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.4424000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4287000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4212999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.251800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2026.3652569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2026.3652569","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073817609","https://openalex.org/W2112684840","https://openalex.org/W2162969618","https://openalex.org/W2172067026","https://openalex.org/W2299450638","https://openalex.org/W2606775912","https://openalex.org/W2765228046","https://openalex.org/W2875475762","https://openalex.org/W2897881316","https://openalex.org/W2900394813","https://openalex.org/W2951187092","https://openalex.org/W2963250023","https://openalex.org/W2963320092","https://openalex.org/W2967750152","https://openalex.org/W2973229164","https://openalex.org/W2973528622","https://openalex.org/W3015366655","https://openalex.org/W3019721760","https://openalex.org/W3126956508","https://openalex.org/W3139933459","https://openalex.org/W3206276912","https://openalex.org/W3209366914","https://openalex.org/W3211583675","https://openalex.org/W4206753471","https://openalex.org/W4210732447","https://openalex.org/W4229706427","https://openalex.org/W4243525622","https://openalex.org/W4313534829","https://openalex.org/W4313855707","https://openalex.org/W4327710063","https://openalex.org/W4366957259","https://openalex.org/W4386208596","https://openalex.org/W4387129576","https://openalex.org/W4391136398","https://openalex.org/W4396817538","https://openalex.org/W4401567623","https://openalex.org/W4404132584","https://openalex.org/W4404638399","https://openalex.org/W4406610126","https://openalex.org/W4408519976","https://openalex.org/W4413365589","https://openalex.org/W4414955840","https://openalex.org/W4415821061","https://openalex.org/W4416873166"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1],"promising":[2],"distributed":[3],"computing":[4,7,82,121],"paradigm,":[5],"edge":[6,29,40,60,81,92,127,139,161],"(EC)":[8],"enhances":[9,195],"service":[10,14,174,183],"quality":[11],"and":[12,19,33,64,75,89,123,132,165,194],"reduces":[13,182],"latency":[15,66,125,167],"by":[16,39,189],"deploying":[17],"computational":[18,136],"storage":[20],"resources":[21,137],"at":[22],"the":[23,54,73,118,134,156,186],"network":[24],"edge.":[25],"However,":[26],"due":[27],"to":[28,50,141,154],"servers'":[30],"geographic":[31],"distribution":[32],"resource":[34],"constraints,":[35],"EC":[36,130],"is":[37],"challenged":[38],"denial-of-service":[41],"(EDDoS)":[42],"attacks.":[43],"Although":[44],"various":[45],"approaches":[46,188],"have":[47],"been":[48,68],"proposed":[49],"mitigate":[51,142],"EDDoS":[52,104,143,199],"attacks,":[53],"impact":[55,157],"of":[56,77,91,120,126,138,158,192],"capacity":[57,63,164],"uncertainties":[58,119,159],"in":[59,80,87,129,160,198],"server":[61,162],"processing":[62,163],"transmission":[65,124,166],"has":[67],"largely":[69],"overlooked.":[70],"This":[71],"limits":[72],"adaptability":[74],"robustness":[76,197],"mitigation":[78,105,169],"strategies":[79],"environments,":[83],"which":[84],"could":[85],"result":[86],"overload":[88],"paralysis":[90],"servers.":[93],"To":[94],"address":[95],"this":[96,98],"issue,":[97],"paper":[99],"introduces":[100],"uEDDoS-D,":[101],"an":[102,109,190],"uncertainty-aware":[103],"approach":[106],"based":[107],"on":[108,147,168],"improved":[110],"deep":[111],"deterministic":[112],"policy":[113],"gradient":[114],"algorithm.":[115],"uEDDoS-D":[116,152,180],"models":[117],"capacities":[122],"servers":[128,140],"environments":[131],"leverages":[133],"collective":[135],"attacks":[144],"without":[145],"relying":[146],"traditional":[148],"attack":[149,200],"detection":[150],"mechanisms.":[151],"aims":[153],"minimize":[155],"decisions":[170],"while":[171],"effectively":[172],"reducing":[173],"latency.":[175],"Experimental":[176],"results":[177],"demonstrate":[178],"that":[179],"significantly":[181],"latency,":[184],"outperforming":[185],"state-of-the-art":[187],"average":[191],"16.75%,":[193],"system":[196],"scenarios.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-09T06:09:20.037420","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}
