{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7116784168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3647029","title":"Temporal Spectrum Cartography in Low-Altitude Economy Networks: A Generative AI Framework With Multi-Agent Learning","display_name":"Temporal Spectrum Cartography in Low-Altitude Economy Networks: A Generative AI Framework With Multi-Agent Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7116784168","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3647029"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3647029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3647029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005541177","display_name":"Changyuan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9187-9572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changyuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9187-9572","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120999989","display_name":"Ruichen Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruichen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1252-8761","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100727954","display_name":"Jiacheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7948-8525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiacheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6859-3645","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120977675","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085514719","display_name":"Geng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-4908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7802-4908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015890960","display_name":"Hongyang Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyang Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8220-6525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065064539","display_name":"Z. Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5207-6504","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086268677","display_name":"Abbas Jamalipour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1807-7220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abbas Jamalipour","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1807-7220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120978940","display_name":"Dong In Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong In Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7711-8072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":43.7133,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99741245,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"6","first_page":"8016","last_page":"8033"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.8256999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.8256999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.012199999764561653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.008700000122189522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.7368999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5939000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.5787000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5547000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.5109000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.43970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4359000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aliasing","display_name":"Aliasing","score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4203000068664551}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.755299985408783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.7368999719619751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5939000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.5787000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5547000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.5109000205993652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.43970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4359000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4069607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868732","display_name":"Aliasing","level":3,"score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4203000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776999362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349274","display_name":"Planner","level":2,"score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3862000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2976999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3647029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3647029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1870345133","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6464733988","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272194","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320696","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52153049","https://openalex.org/W2091484400","https://openalex.org/W2095143852","https://openalex.org/W2127856853","https://openalex.org/W2140452629","https://openalex.org/W2552259797","https://openalex.org/W2754349741","https://openalex.org/W2785331918","https://openalex.org/W2901944976","https://openalex.org/W2946794439","https://openalex.org/W2947146353","https://openalex.org/W2991033093","https://openalex.org/W3023571141","https://openalex.org/W3100366369","https://openalex.org/W3131967102","https://openalex.org/W3159843227","https://openalex.org/W3174380871","https://openalex.org/W3212618958","https://openalex.org/W4200379301","https://openalex.org/W4200502087","https://openalex.org/W4213019189","https://openalex.org/W4221160010","https://openalex.org/W4231632012","https://openalex.org/W4291910407","https://openalex.org/W4313156423","https://openalex.org/W4364322852","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4387430923","https://openalex.org/W4387491109","https://openalex.org/W4387885643","https://openalex.org/W4390749188","https://openalex.org/W4394625692","https://openalex.org/W4396817538","https://openalex.org/W4400644893","https://openalex.org/W4401326099","https://openalex.org/W4402742293","https://openalex.org/W4403337227","https://openalex.org/W4404627796","https://openalex.org/W4406322060","https://openalex.org/W4406457578","https://openalex.org/W4406689848","https://openalex.org/W4410738105","https://openalex.org/W4411687369","https://openalex.org/W4414270400","https://openalex.org/W7133239857"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,92],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,69,88],"two-stage":[4],"generative":[5],"AI":[6],"(GenAI)":[7],"framework":[8,66,152],"tailored":[9],"for":[10],"temporal":[11,53],"spectrum":[12,38,45,78,172],"cartography":[13,46],"in":[14,50,181],"low-altitude":[15,184],"economy":[16],"networks":[17],"(LAENets).":[18],"LAENets,":[19],"characterized":[20],"by":[21],"diverse":[22],"aerial":[23],"devices":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26],"UAVs,":[27],"rely":[28],"heavily":[29],"on":[30],"wireless":[31],"communication":[32],"technologies":[33],"while":[34],"facing":[35],"challenges,":[36,63],"including":[37],"congestion":[39],"and":[40,54,82,137,157,177],"dynamic":[41,124],"environmental":[42],"interference.":[43],"Traditional":[44],"methods":[47],"have":[48],"limitations":[49],"handling":[51],"the":[52,64,96,106,109,121],"spatial":[55,135],"complexities":[56],"inherent":[57],"to":[58,119,139],"these":[59,62],"networks.":[60],"Addressing":[61],"proposed":[65,167],"first":[67],"employs":[68],"Reconstructive":[70],"Masked":[71],"Autoencoder":[72],"(RecMAE)":[73],"capable":[74],"of":[75,98,123],"accurately":[76],"reconstructing":[77],"maps":[79],"from":[80],"sparse":[81,163],"temporally":[83],"varying":[84],"sensor":[85,178],"data":[86],"using":[87],"novel":[89],"dual-mask":[90],"mechanism.":[91],"approach":[93],"significantly":[94],"enhances":[95],"precision":[97],"reconstructed":[99],"radio":[100],"frequency":[101],"(RF)":[102],"power":[103],"maps.":[104],"In":[105],"second":[107],"stage,":[108],"Multi-agent":[110],"Diffusion":[111],"Policy":[112],"(MADP)":[113],"method":[114,132],"integrates":[115],"diffusion-based":[116],"reinforcement":[117],"learning":[118,159],"optimize":[120],"trajectories":[122],"UAV":[125],"sensors.":[126],"By":[127],"leveraging":[128],"temporal-attention":[129],"encoding,":[130],"this":[131,149],"effectively":[133],"manages":[134],"exploration":[136],"exploitation":[138],"minimize":[140],"cumulative":[141],"reconstruction":[142,175],"errors.":[143],"Extensive":[144],"numerical":[145],"experiments":[146],"show":[147],"that":[148],"integrated":[150],"GenAI":[151],"consistently":[153],"surpasses":[154],"traditional":[155],"interpolation":[156],"deep":[158],"methods,":[160],"especially":[161],"under":[162],"sensing":[164],"conditions.":[165],"The":[166],"trajectory":[168],"planner":[169],"substantially":[170],"improves":[171],"map":[173],"accuracy,":[174],"stability,":[176],"deployment":[179],"efficiency":[180],"dynamically":[182],"evolving":[183],"environments.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-09T06:09:20.037420","created_date":"2025-12-22T00:00:00"}