{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7093331238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3624340","title":"Can Movable Antenna-Enabled Micro-Mobility Replace UAV-Enabled Macro-Mobility? A Physical Layer Security Perspective","display_name":"Can Movable Antenna-Enabled Micro-Mobility Replace UAV-Enabled Macro-Mobility? A Physical Layer Security Perspective","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7093331238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3624340"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3624340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3624340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kaixuan Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202126657","display_name":"Qufu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ceheh96","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaixuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kan Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0579-9985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0579-9985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Dingyou Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-254X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingyou Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-254X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yujia Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujia Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaowu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9418-0721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202126657","display_name":"Qufu Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ceheh96","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9418-0721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202126657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qixun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0055-3062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qixun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0055-3062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhiyong Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5322-222X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5322-222X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.0877,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97753658,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"3","first_page":"4317","last_page":"4330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6678000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5123000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.48080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4530999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.358599990606308}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8144000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6678000092506409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5123000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.48080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4530999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.41029998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3880999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.358599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.3467999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.3458999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.321399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194498986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680016","display_name":"Roaming","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.26499998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2590999901294708}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3624340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3624340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8945499062538147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4600255067","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5526751200","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62341101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7945570293","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62401077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8129143660","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62321001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8778779482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24820232023YQTD01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W579568666","https://openalex.org/W2914586481","https://openalex.org/W3008151773","https://openalex.org/W3040347013","https://openalex.org/W3089251508","https://openalex.org/W3103244252","https://openalex.org/W3115376584","https://openalex.org/W3122323525","https://openalex.org/W3135926333","https://openalex.org/W3166744561","https://openalex.org/W3211189031","https://openalex.org/W3212687599","https://openalex.org/W4296924472","https://openalex.org/W4312264989","https://openalex.org/W4364322927","https://openalex.org/W4381785965","https://openalex.org/W4386523965","https://openalex.org/W4386706787","https://openalex.org/W4387682359","https://openalex.org/W4387885950","https://openalex.org/W4388666110","https://openalex.org/W4391305366","https://openalex.org/W4392152740","https://openalex.org/W4401357214","https://openalex.org/W4401981076","https://openalex.org/W4402352162","https://openalex.org/W4402673380","https://openalex.org/W4403295829","https://openalex.org/W4404482173","https://openalex.org/W4405778572","https://openalex.org/W4407374228","https://openalex.org/W4408016736","https://openalex.org/W4408030035","https://openalex.org/W4408353286","https://openalex.org/W4409503146","https://openalex.org/W4409641105","https://openalex.org/W4409723478","https://openalex.org/W4410086687","https://openalex.org/W4410227706","https://openalex.org/W4410229085","https://openalex.org/W4411688347","https://openalex.org/W4413181161","https://openalex.org/W4414110814"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,105,142,198],"potential":[4],"of":[5,107,201],"movable":[6],"antenna":[7,128,168,186],"(MA)-enabled":[8],"micro-mobility":[9,158],"to":[10,99,171],"replace":[11],"UAV-enabled":[12],"macro-mobility":[13,178],"for":[14,120,192,212],"enhancing":[15],"physical":[16],"layer":[17],"security":[18],"(PLS)":[19],"in":[20,104,163,220],"air-to-ground":[21],"communications.":[22],"While":[23],"UAV":[24,177],"trajectory":[25,43,144],"optimization":[26],"offers":[27],"high":[28],"flexibility":[29],"and":[30,41,62,69,130,145,217],"Line-of-Sight":[31],"(LoS)":[32],"advantages,":[33],"it":[34],"suffers":[35],"from":[36],"significant":[37,160],"energy":[38,60,215],"consumption,":[39],"latency,":[40],"complex":[42],"optimization.":[44],"Conversely,":[45,176],"MA":[46,157],"technology":[47],"provides":[48],"fine-grained":[49],"spatial":[50,174],"reconfiguration":[51],"(antenna":[52],"positioning":[53,135],"within":[54],"a":[55,80,85,93,100,209],"confined":[56],"area)":[57],"with":[58],"ultra-low":[59],"overhead":[61],"millisecond-scale":[63],"response,":[64],"enabling":[65],"real-time":[66],"channel":[67],"manipulation":[68],"covert":[70],"beam":[71],"steering.":[72],"To":[73],"systematically":[74],"compare":[75],"these":[76],"paradigms,":[77],"we":[78],"establish":[79],"dual-scale":[81],"mobility":[82,191,207],"framework":[83],"where":[84],"UAV-mounted":[86],"uniform":[87],"linear":[88],"array":[89],"(ULA)":[90],"serves":[91],"as":[92,208],"base":[94],"station":[95],"transmitting":[96],"confidential":[97],"information":[98],"legitimate":[101],"user":[102],"(Bob)":[103],"presence":[106],"an":[108],"eavesdropper":[109],"(Eve).":[110],"We":[111],"formulate":[112],"non-convex":[113],"average":[114],"secrecy":[115],"rate":[116],"(ASR)":[117],"maximization":[118],"problems":[119],"both":[121,202],"schemes:":[122],"1)":[123],"MA-based":[124],"micro-mobility:":[125],"Jointly":[126,140],"optimizing":[127,141],"positions":[129],"beamforming":[131],"(BF)":[132],"vectors":[133,147],"under":[134,148,167,180],"constraints;":[136],"2)":[137],"UAV-based":[138],"macro-mobility:":[139],"UAV's":[143],"BF":[146],"kinematic":[149],"constraints.":[150],"Extensive":[151],"simulations":[152],"reveal":[153],"distinct":[154],"operational":[155],"regimes:":[156],"demonstrates":[159],"ASR":[161],"advantages":[162],"low-transmit-power":[164],"scenarios":[165],"or":[166],"constraints":[169],"due":[170],"its":[172],"energy-efficient":[173],"control.":[175],"excels":[179],"resource-sufficient":[181],"conditions":[182],"(higher":[183],"power,":[184],"larger":[185],"arrays)":[187],"by":[188],"leveraging":[189],"global":[190],"optimal":[193],"positioning.":[194],"The":[195],"findings":[196],"highlight":[197],"complementary":[199],"strengths":[200],"approaches,":[203],"suggesting":[204],"hybrid":[205],"micro-macro":[206],"promising":[210],"direction":[211],"balancing":[213],"security,":[214],"efficiency,":[216],"deployment":[218],"complexity":[219],"future":[221],"wireless":[222],"networks.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-24T00:00:00"}
