{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7083176170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3614227","title":"FreeBeacon: Efficient Communication and Data Aggregation in Battery-Free IoT","display_name":"FreeBeacon: Efficient Communication and Data Aggregation in Battery-Free IoT","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7083176170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3614227"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3614227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3614227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Gaosheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7071-9155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaosheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7071-9155","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kas\u0131m Sinan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9528-6923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kas\u0131m Sinan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9528-6923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7181-6128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206945453","display_name":"Paderborn University","ror":"https://ror.org/058kzsd48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7181-6128","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206945453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.42398537,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"3","first_page":"3182","last_page":"3195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13937","display_name":"Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research","score":0.07940000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13937","display_name":"Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research","score":0.07940000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13370","display_name":"Diverse Scientific and Economic Studies","score":0.057500001043081284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14427","display_name":"Environmental Monitoring and Data Management","score":0.04830000177025795,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-aggregator","display_name":"Data aggregator","score":0.8281999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beacon","display_name":"Beacon","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5708000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.45820000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.41620001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.3977000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/models-of-communication","display_name":"Models of communication","score":0.36309999227523804}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8733000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82578977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16773055","display_name":"Data aggregator","level":3,"score":0.8281999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102168758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7321258","display_name":"Beacon","level":2,"score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5708000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5579000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4830999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45820000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.41620001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3977000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158156997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416645","display_name":"Models of communication","level":2,"score":0.36309999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779280203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17121211","display_name":"Small data","level":2,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12269588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132364","display_name":"Communications protocol","level":2,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.30970001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.2549999952316284}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3614227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3614227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:openaire_cris_publications/03b7c64a-4958-4356-b32c-5e7f080af648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/03b7c64a-4958-4356-b32c-5e7f080af648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Liu, G, Yildirim, K S & Wang, L 2026, 'FreeBeacon : Efficient Communication and Data Aggregation in Battery-Free IoT', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 3182-3195. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2025.3614227","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/03b7c64a-4958-4356-b32c-5e7f080af648","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1871.1/03b7c64a-4958-4356-b32c-5e7f080af648","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Liu, G, Yildirim, K S & Wang, L 2026, 'FreeBeacon : Efficient Communication and Data Aggregation in Battery-Free IoT', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 3182-3195. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2025.3614227","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6605775043","display_name":"Don\u2019t You Worry \u2019Bout a Thing: Making Internet-of-Things Self-Sustainable","funder_award_id":"OCENW.XS22.1.135","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989300087","https://openalex.org/W2002076319","https://openalex.org/W2009053018","https://openalex.org/W2024338138","https://openalex.org/W2033682954","https://openalex.org/W2077055049","https://openalex.org/W2092143594","https://openalex.org/W2094102717","https://openalex.org/W2103902040","https://openalex.org/W2115721786","https://openalex.org/W2144428154","https://openalex.org/W2146976683","https://openalex.org/W2537482850","https://openalex.org/W2761242776","https://openalex.org/W2788428017","https://openalex.org/W2790352815","https://openalex.org/W2801270058","https://openalex.org/W2892127317","https://openalex.org/W2897303255","https://openalex.org/W2898269841","https://openalex.org/W2953858112","https://openalex.org/W2984507209","https://openalex.org/W3008266721","https://openalex.org/W3010948937","https://openalex.org/W3011214831","https://openalex.org/W3012002440","https://openalex.org/W3046136249","https://openalex.org/W3046173074","https://openalex.org/W3097218653","https://openalex.org/W3101391820","https://openalex.org/W3102223484","https://openalex.org/W3113776809","https://openalex.org/W3159431607","https://openalex.org/W3159646613","https://openalex.org/W3175295633","https://openalex.org/W3188761582","https://openalex.org/W3201542421","https://openalex.org/W4200475436","https://openalex.org/W4221028663","https://openalex.org/W4221068156","https://openalex.org/W4280599328","https://openalex.org/W4281852219","https://openalex.org/W4283026587","https://openalex.org/W4293243541","https://openalex.org/W4308084052","https://openalex.org/W4366148823","https://openalex.org/W4372271823","https://openalex.org/W4372271831","https://openalex.org/W4387760970","https://openalex.org/W4392023567","https://openalex.org/W4393965207","https://openalex.org/W4400237501","https://openalex.org/W4400277343","https://openalex.org/W4400770705","https://openalex.org/W4404585215","https://openalex.org/W4404903289"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,98],"improve":[1],"sustainability,":[2],"Internet-of-Things":[3],"(IoT)":[4],"is":[5,74],"increasingly":[6],"adopting":[7],"battery-free":[8,54,63,113,120],"devices":[9,64,109,121],"powered":[10],"by":[11,80],"ambient":[12,22],"energy":[13,23],"scavenged":[14],"from":[15,66],"the":[16,59,67,71,77,89,91,126,172],"environment.":[17,72],"The":[18],"unpredictable":[19],"availability":[20],"of":[21,70,86,107,164],"leads":[24],"to":[25,31,122,129],"device":[26,32],"intermittency,":[27],"bringing":[28],"critical":[29],"challenges":[30],"communication":[33,49,60,92,131],"and":[34,50,128,152],"related":[35],"fundamental":[36],"operations":[37],"like":[38],"data":[39,51,139,166],"aggregation.":[40],"We":[41,56,145],"propose":[42],"FreeBeacon,":[43],"a":[44,83,104],"novel":[45],"scheme":[46],"for":[47,112,119],"efficient":[48],"aggregation":[52,140,167],"in":[53],"IoT.":[55],"argue":[57],"that":[58,79,136,157],"challenge":[61],"between":[62],"originates":[65],"complete":[68],"uncertainty":[69],"FreeBeacon":[73,101,116,147,158],"built":[75],"on":[76],"insight":[78],"introducing":[81],"just":[82],"small":[84,105],"degree":[85],"certainty":[87],"into":[88],"system,":[90],"problem":[93],"can":[94,159],"be":[95],"largely":[96],"simplified.":[97],"this":[99],"end,":[100],"first":[102],"introduces":[103],"number":[106],"battery-powered":[108],"as":[110],"beacons":[111],"devices.":[114],"Then,":[115],"features":[117],"protocols":[118],"achieve":[123,161],"interaction":[124],"with":[125,148,171],"beacon":[127],"perform":[130],"efficiently":[132],"following":[133],"customized":[134],"schedules":[135],"implement":[137],"different":[138],"schemes":[141],"while":[142],"achieving":[143],"resilience.":[144],"evaluate":[146],"extensive":[149],"prototype-based":[150],"experiments":[151],"simulation":[153],"studies.":[154],"Results":[155],"show":[156],"consistently":[160],"an":[162],"order":[163],"magnitude":[165],"efficiency":[168],"when":[169],"compared":[170],"state-of-the-art":[173],"approaches.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-07T06:11:34.122080","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}