{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7081966669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3609546","title":"E2E Hybrid Computation Offloading for Complex MEC System","display_name":"E2E Hybrid Computation Offloading for Complex MEC System","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7081966669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3609546"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3609546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3609546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jingjing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4150-6577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaoheng Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2740-8025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoheng Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jian Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0388-3577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xianjun Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5756-9765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianjun Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xuechen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7683-2933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuechen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jinsong Gui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9399-9092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinsong Gui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shichao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9981-2970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shichao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62160353,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"2","first_page":"2561","last_page":"2576"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.6699000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.6699000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13067","display_name":"Geological Modeling and Analysis","score":0.02630000002682209,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.01899999938905239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.645799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.6004999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.5284000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.4392000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.3955000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.3668999969959259}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8831999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.645799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6396999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.6004999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5284000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.4392000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.3955000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.3668999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.3637999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.3427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.3154999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50897621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665508","display_name":"Hybrid system","level":2,"score":0.3034999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13540734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318996","display_name":"Dynamic network analysis","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123757187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9195957","display_name":"Network dynamics","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121854251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62932","display_name":"Elasticity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2554999887943268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3609546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3609546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7371302247047424,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033242001","https://openalex.org/W2069211379","https://openalex.org/W2135099885","https://openalex.org/W2615459164","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2801779586","https://openalex.org/W2886545955","https://openalex.org/W2903874029","https://openalex.org/W2943780690","https://openalex.org/W2951146380","https://openalex.org/W2964098968","https://openalex.org/W2970192721","https://openalex.org/W2973229164","https://openalex.org/W3117584958","https://openalex.org/W4315646984","https://openalex.org/W4317794990","https://openalex.org/W4319996378","https://openalex.org/W4323022485","https://openalex.org/W4362514030","https://openalex.org/W4386275616","https://openalex.org/W4386918758","https://openalex.org/W4388213750","https://openalex.org/W4388624545","https://openalex.org/W4390492151","https://openalex.org/W4390604386","https://openalex.org/W4391935850","https://openalex.org/W4392173874","https://openalex.org/W4393170690","https://openalex.org/W4400447313","https://openalex.org/W4400447774","https://openalex.org/W4403277403","https://openalex.org/W4404307147","https://openalex.org/W4404914591","https://openalex.org/W4406171169","https://openalex.org/W4406657357","https://openalex.org/W4407315431","https://openalex.org/W4407373664","https://openalex.org/W4407476935","https://openalex.org/W4407881031","https://openalex.org/W4407900470","https://openalex.org/W4408016838"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"Edge":[1],"Computing":[2],"(MEC)":[3],"places":[4],"computational":[5],"resources":[6],"at":[7,207],"the":[8,31,42,67,103,153,160,168],"network":[9,87,170],"edge,":[10],"thereby":[11,179],"enabling":[12],"compute-intensive":[13],"applications":[14],"through":[15],"task":[16],"offloading.":[17],"However,":[18],"in":[19,107,167,216],"dynamic":[20,109,230],"multi-user,":[21],"multi-server":[22],"environments,":[23],"user":[24,218],"mobility":[25,194],"induces":[26],"time-varying":[27],"channel":[28],"conditions,":[29],"and":[30,50,72,94,102,111,164,176,182,210],"spatiotemporal":[32],"heterogeneity":[33],"of":[34,105,162,174],"server":[35],"loads":[36],"further":[37],"complicates":[38],"system":[39,43],"behavior.":[40],"Consequently,":[41],"must":[44],"jointly":[45],"optimize":[46],"discrete":[47,175],"offloading":[48,223],"decisions":[49],"continuous":[51,177],"resource-allocation":[52],"parameters,":[53],"forming":[54],"a":[55,84,150],"hybrid":[56],"action":[57],"space":[58],"whose":[59],"integrated":[60],"decision-making":[61],"mechanism":[62],"is":[63],"central":[64],"to":[65,99,199],"breaking":[66],"long-standing":[68],"trade-off":[69],"between":[70],"latency":[71,205],"energy":[73,211],"consumption.":[74],"Traditional":[75],"deep":[76],"reinforcement":[77],"learning":[78],"(DRL)":[79],"approaches":[80],"that":[81],"rely":[82],"on":[83,132,192],"single":[85],"policy":[86,100],"often":[88],"suffer":[89],"from":[90],"strong":[91],"strategy":[92],"coupling":[93],"Q-value":[95,157],"estimation":[96],"bias,":[97],"leading":[98],"oscillations":[101],"curse":[104],"dimensionality":[106],"highly":[108],"scenarios":[110],"thus":[112],"impeding":[113],"stable":[114],"convergence.":[115],"To":[116],"address":[117],"this":[118,120],"problem,":[119],"paper":[121],"proposes":[122],"an":[123,133,221],"innovative":[124],"End-to-End":[125],"Hybrid":[126],"Computation":[127],"Offloading":[128],"(E2EHCO)":[129],"framework":[130],"based":[131],"enhanced":[134],"Twin":[135],"Delayed":[136],"Deep":[137],"Deterministic":[138],"Policy":[139],"Gradient":[140],"(TD3)":[141],"algorithm.":[142],"By":[143],"employing":[144],"dual":[145],"critic":[146],"networks":[147],"together":[148],"with":[149,225],"delayed-update":[151],"mechanism,":[152],"method":[154],"effectively":[155],"suppresses":[156],"overestimation,":[158],"while":[159],"integration":[161],"Softmax":[163],"Tanh":[165],"activations":[166],"actor":[169],"allows":[171],"simultaneous":[172],"handling":[173],"actions,":[178],"achieving":[180],"efficient":[181],"robust":[183],"joint":[184],"decision":[185],"optimization":[186],"under":[187],"dynamically":[188],"changing":[189],"conditions.":[190],"Experiments":[191],"real-world":[193],"traces":[195],"show":[196],"that,":[197],"relative":[198],"benchmark":[200],"methods,":[201],"E2EHCO":[202],"reduces":[203],"total":[204],"by":[206,213],"least":[208],"20%":[209],"consumption":[212],"approximately":[214],"16%":[215],"high-density":[217],"scenarios,":[219],"providing":[220],"adaptive":[222],"solution":[224],"real-time":[226],"responsiveness":[227],"for":[228],"large-scale,":[229],"MEC":[231],"systems.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-11T23:08:45.486102","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
