{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414166020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3607841","title":"Sleep Scheduling Algorithm for the $k$k-Coverage Problem in 3D Heterogenous BF-WSNs","display_name":"Sleep Scheduling Algorithm for the $k$k-Coverage Problem in 3D Heterogenous BF-WSNs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414166020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3607841"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3607841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3607841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102778871","display_name":"Yanlei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6189-0591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanlei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","School of Computer, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015423253","display_name":"Haoyang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-503X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","School of Computer, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100338367","display_name":"Jingjing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9569-9173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","School of Computer, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101603201","display_name":"Na Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0328-1436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","School of Computer, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435494","display_name":"Ping Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-0240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","School of Computer, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102778871"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25393177,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"2","first_page":"2186","last_page":"2201"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9470000267028809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9470000267028809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5974000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.5616000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-shop-scheduling","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","score":0.48240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-sampling","display_name":"Adaptive sampling","score":0.42289999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-method","display_name":"Iterative method","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.37439998984336853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5974000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.5616000294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5041999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55416958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206757","display_name":"Job shop scheduling","level":3,"score":0.48240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781395549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680762","display_name":"Adaptive sampling","level":3,"score":0.42289999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.37439998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.35929998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.35260000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3490999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130120984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835898","display_name":"Distributed algorithm","level":2,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017489831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Running time","level":2,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776003309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1988072","display_name":"Adaptive algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3607841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3607841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483823870","https://openalex.org/W1940214240","https://openalex.org/W2095769728","https://openalex.org/W2096720774","https://openalex.org/W2106335692","https://openalex.org/W2114533345","https://openalex.org/W2134956843","https://openalex.org/W2135030025","https://openalex.org/W2150534757","https://openalex.org/W2168983555","https://openalex.org/W2242150703","https://openalex.org/W2342712272","https://openalex.org/W2489290374","https://openalex.org/W2560663865","https://openalex.org/W2606410502","https://openalex.org/W2731373180","https://openalex.org/W2741543503","https://openalex.org/W2753049959","https://openalex.org/W2794336501","https://openalex.org/W2850417887","https://openalex.org/W2893607158","https://openalex.org/W2905345274","https://openalex.org/W2913922281","https://openalex.org/W2931162415","https://openalex.org/W2974901794","https://openalex.org/W3034589260","https://openalex.org/W3080822770","https://openalex.org/W3088500570","https://openalex.org/W3184212526","https://openalex.org/W3194983460","https://openalex.org/W3212677598","https://openalex.org/W3217366445","https://openalex.org/W4210545972","https://openalex.org/W4220829697","https://openalex.org/W4226202554","https://openalex.org/W4312269655","https://openalex.org/W4312745590","https://openalex.org/W4321253999","https://openalex.org/W4323022374","https://openalex.org/W4388492870","https://openalex.org/W4401110983","https://openalex.org/W4407909103","https://openalex.org/W4408959625","https://openalex.org/W4409985123","https://openalex.org/W4410855346"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Battery-free":[0],"Wireless":[1],"Sensor":[2],"Networks":[3],"(BF-WSNs)":[4],"have":[5,21],"emerged":[6],"as":[7],"an":[8,54],"essential":[9],"part":[10],"of":[11,13,30,143,180],"Internet":[12],"Things":[14],"(IoT)":[15],"systems.":[16],"Although":[17],"two-dimensional":[18],"(2D)":[19],"BF-WSNs":[20,60],"been":[22],"researched,":[23],"three-dimensional":[24],"(3D)":[25],"ones":[26],"are":[27],"more":[28],"indicative":[29],"real-world":[31],"applications.":[32],"Achieving":[33],"<inline-formula":[34,63,90],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[35,64,91],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[36,65,92],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula>-coverage":[37,66,93],"in":[38,57,110],"this":[39],"scenario":[40],"is":[41,79],"a":[42,161],"greater":[43],"challenge":[44],"and":[45,72,81,125,149,168,178],"has":[46],"yet":[47],"to":[48,61,128,136,154,165],"be":[49,115],"investigated.":[50],"This":[51],"paper":[52],"presents":[53],"optimization":[55],"problem":[56,78],"heterogeneous":[58],"3D":[59],"maximize":[62],"quality":[67,94],"while":[68],"considering":[69],"the":[70,77,123,129,133,137,141,170,176,181],"recharging":[71],"sampling":[73],"rates.":[74],"We":[75,121],"prove":[76,122],"NP-Hard":[80],"decouple":[82],"it":[83],"into":[84],"two":[85,130,156],"subproblems.":[86],"The":[87,102],"first":[88],"optimizes":[89],"for":[95,108],"each":[96,111],"time":[97,112],"slot":[98,113],"without":[99],"energy":[100],"constraints.":[101],"second":[103],"ensures":[104],"that":[105],"nodes":[106],"scheduled":[107],"operation":[109],"can":[114],"immediately":[116],"replenished":[117],"with":[118],"sufficient":[119],"energy.":[120],"near-optimal":[124,134],"optimal":[126],"solutions":[127],"subproblems":[131,157],"composes":[132],"solution":[135],"original":[138,171],"problem.":[139,172],"Following":[140],"development":[142],"Distributed":[144],"Iterative":[145],"Grouping":[146],"(DIG)":[147],"algorithm":[148,164],"Adaptive":[150],"Sampling":[151],"(AS)":[152],"method":[153],"address":[155],"each,":[158],"we":[159],"propose":[160],"sleep":[162],"scheduling":[163],"integrate":[166],"them":[167],"solve":[169],"Simulation":[173],"results":[174],"verify":[175],"effectiveness":[177],"efficiency":[179],"proposed":[182],"algorithm.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T16:01:11.037858","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}