{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413318808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3600093","title":"EMIT: Reflection-Based Charging Jamming Attack","display_name":"EMIT: Reflection-Based Charging Jamming Attack","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413318808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3600093"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3600093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3600093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100764960","display_name":"Tang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9191-7222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63354593","display_name":"Sichuan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/043dxc061","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9191-7222","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111327531","display_name":"Jing Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63354593","display_name":"Sichuan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/043dxc061","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7924-2455","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100564074","display_name":"Yuan Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0851-4542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63354593","display_name":"Sichuan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/043dxc061","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077257179","display_name":"Di\u00e9 Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0156-8557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63354593","display_name":"Sichuan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/043dxc061","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Die Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0156-8557","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63354593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106405535","display_name":"Jian Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5831-2240"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5831-2240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079727396","display_name":"Wenzheng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8396-6825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125143","display_name":"Chengdu University","ror":"https://ror.org/034z67559","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenzheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8396-6825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976","https://openalex.org/I4210125143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110630713","display_name":"Baijun Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79516672","display_name":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8rc503","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799628689","https://openalex.org/I79516672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baijun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA","University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79516672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79516672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042501577","display_name":"Yazhou Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7640-1829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yazhou Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA","Dept. of Computer Science & Software Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7640-1829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Software Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science & Software Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08008938,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"1042","last_page":"1057"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9837999939918518,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9595999717712402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7223988771438599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.7167447805404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.5796434879302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4034183621406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3369132876396179}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7223988771438599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.7167447805404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5796434879302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4034183621406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3369132876396179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3600093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3600093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G11696214","display_name":"\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u65e0\u7ebf\u591a\u8def\u5145\u7535\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u5bb9\u9519\u5145\u7535\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62072320","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1844382509","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024NSFJQ0026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G235913322","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272328","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7906816562","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025ZNSFSC0501","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8572019750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022NSFSC0569","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1940397557","https://openalex.org/W1985705155","https://openalex.org/W2013326505","https://openalex.org/W2097270861","https://openalex.org/W2148566536","https://openalex.org/W2530962206","https://openalex.org/W2617552600","https://openalex.org/W2918728492","https://openalex.org/W2919501976","https://openalex.org/W2920192851","https://openalex.org/W3000753883","https://openalex.org/W3047383835","https://openalex.org/W3091794189","https://openalex.org/W3092217301","https://openalex.org/W3099590272","https://openalex.org/W3164146938","https://openalex.org/W3185376184","https://openalex.org/W3211439757","https://openalex.org/W3211853936","https://openalex.org/W4281386777","https://openalex.org/W4283209744","https://openalex.org/W4312327475","https://openalex.org/W4312653249","https://openalex.org/W4313000937","https://openalex.org/W4313034740","https://openalex.org/W4317927911","https://openalex.org/W4324007188","https://openalex.org/W4324116567","https://openalex.org/W4385080309","https://openalex.org/W4385838772","https://openalex.org/W4386243212","https://openalex.org/W4388858786","https://openalex.org/W4389105303","https://openalex.org/W4391807021","https://openalex.org/W4401508583","https://openalex.org/W4401633946","https://openalex.org/W4402592662","https://openalex.org/W4403826465","https://openalex.org/W4406170767","https://openalex.org/W4406170954","https://openalex.org/W4407638540","https://openalex.org/W4407948624","https://openalex.org/W4407948692","https://openalex.org/W4409128981"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1984793747","https://openalex.org/W4312547492","https://openalex.org/W3197729047","https://openalex.org/W3016692377","https://openalex.org/W1624160917","https://openalex.org/W2370486284","https://openalex.org/W2143847498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"Wireless":[1],"Rechargeable":[2],"Sensor":[3],"Networks":[4],"(WRSNs)":[5],"based":[6],"platforms":[7],"have":[8],"become":[9],"promising":[10],"for":[11],"broad":[12],"applications.":[13],"However,":[14],"if":[15],"an":[16,65],"adversary":[17],"disrupts":[18],"the":[19,36,78,81,87,91,97,132,165],"wireless":[20],"charging":[21,88,101,144,152],"process":[22],"in":[23,56,121,140,148,170],"WRSNs,":[24,57],"sensors":[25],"may":[26],"die":[27],"due":[28],"to":[29,83,117,163],"lack":[30],"of":[31,40,99,110,124,135,167],"timely":[32],"energy":[33],"supply,":[34],"compromising":[35],"reliability":[37],"and":[38,67,108,146],"availability":[39],"systems":[41],"relying":[42],"on":[43,130,160],"sensing":[44],"tasks.":[45],"In":[46,173],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"we":[49,155],"develop":[50],"a":[51,72,157],"zero-cost":[52],"power":[53],"jamming":[54],"attack":[55,120,137,169,176],"termed":[58],"rEflection-based":[59],"jaMmIng":[60],"aTtack":[61],"(EMIT),":[62],"which":[63],"introduces":[64],"off-the-shelf":[66],"inconspicuous":[68],"reflector":[69],"such":[70],"as":[71],"Coca-Cola":[73],"can":[74],"that":[75,129],"intentionally":[76],"reflects":[77],"wave":[79,89],"from":[80],"charger":[82],"destructively":[84],"interfere":[85],"with":[86,142,150],"at":[90],"target":[92],"sensor.":[93],"Our":[94],"approach":[95],"lifts":[96],"limitations":[98],"traditional":[100],"attacks,":[102],"including":[103],"high":[104],"cost,":[105],"complex":[106,171],"implementation":[107],"ease":[109],"detection.":[111],"We":[112],"conduct":[113],"extensive":[114],"field":[115],"experiments":[116],"evaluate":[118],"EMIT":[119,136,168,175],"different":[122],"types":[123],"WRSNs.":[125],"The":[126],"results":[127],"show":[128],"average,":[131],"success":[133],"rate":[134],"is":[138],"90%":[139],"WRSNs":[141,149],"fixed":[143],"locations,":[145],"75%":[147],"dynamic":[151],"locations.":[153],"Finally,":[154],"build":[156],"real-world":[158],"WRSN":[159],"university":[161],"campus":[162],"study":[164],"effectiveness":[166],"scenarios.":[172],"total,":[174],"causes":[177],"134":[178],"sensor":[179],"deaths":[180],"over":[181],"66":[182],"days.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}