{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413156357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3598703","title":"SPACE: Speaker Adaptation for Acoustic Eavesdropping Using mmWave Radio Signals","display_name":"SPACE: Speaker Adaptation for Acoustic Eavesdropping Using mmWave Radio Signals","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413156357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3598703"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3598703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3598703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057284689","display_name":"Running Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-3429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Running Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-3429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100382976","display_name":"Lu\u00eds Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9102-0063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Jiang-Tao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054695986","display_name":"Tingle Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1654-8030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingle Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002952964","display_name":"Zhihan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4857-7143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4857-7143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049800342","display_name":"Chenwei Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenwei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080848262","display_name":"Chenshu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9700-4627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenshu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101826600","display_name":"Hang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8690-415X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077317339","display_name":"Edith C.\u2010H. Ngai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3454-8731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edith C.H. Ngai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3454-8731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057284689"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23155685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"723","last_page":"738"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9589999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.8848505020141602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7837491631507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.4616045355796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4088950753211975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.38744813203811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3660079836845398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2968785762786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09248492121696472}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.8848505020141602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7837491631507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.4616045355796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4088950753211975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.38744813203811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3660079836845398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2968785762786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09248492121696472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3598703","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3598703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8374769476","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ITS/383/23FP","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321920","funder_display_name":"Innovation and Technology Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321920","display_name":"Innovation and Technology Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04vf9tr09"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82936479","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1977985044","https://openalex.org/W2010362084","https://openalex.org/W2025621754","https://openalex.org/W2045956438","https://openalex.org/W2070126272","https://openalex.org/W2079623482","https://openalex.org/W2080005694","https://openalex.org/W2112021726","https://openalex.org/W2276408190","https://openalex.org/W2344757691","https://openalex.org/W2394882406","https://openalex.org/W2407299475","https://openalex.org/W2461924673","https://openalex.org/W2760103357","https://openalex.org/W2889326414","https://openalex.org/W2891980359","https://openalex.org/W2907493122","https://openalex.org/W2931586361","https://openalex.org/W2939164678","https://openalex.org/W2941074488","https://openalex.org/W2953297989","https://openalex.org/W2962788625","https://openalex.org/W2964110616","https://openalex.org/W2998161426","https://openalex.org/W3015338123","https://openalex.org/W3015501067","https://openalex.org/W3106861388","https://openalex.org/W3109500059","https://openalex.org/W3113244915","https://openalex.org/W3140645045","https://openalex.org/W3159367349","https://openalex.org/W3197334236","https://openalex.org/W3205415639","https://openalex.org/W4200264829","https://openalex.org/W4224237118","https://openalex.org/W4283204589","https://openalex.org/W4283219755","https://openalex.org/W4283380736","https://openalex.org/W4283391228","https://openalex.org/W4285297780","https://openalex.org/W4288057696","https://openalex.org/W4288057735","https://openalex.org/W4294892051","https://openalex.org/W4297841331","https://openalex.org/W4306179797","https://openalex.org/W4312436332","https://openalex.org/W4313037568","https://openalex.org/W4322731129","https://openalex.org/W4322731291","https://openalex.org/W4380301346","https://openalex.org/W4381785809","https://openalex.org/W4384948669","https://openalex.org/W4385248623","https://openalex.org/W4385965602","https://openalex.org/W4386242195","https://openalex.org/W4386243293","https://openalex.org/W4387757700","https://openalex.org/W4391021584","https://openalex.org/W4393185914","https://openalex.org/W4395681055","https://openalex.org/W4399121675","https://openalex.org/W4402508123","https://openalex.org/W4404341570","https://openalex.org/W4404688156","https://openalex.org/W4408399455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368710903","https://openalex.org/W4386360526","https://openalex.org/W2772112465","https://openalex.org/W4387918499","https://openalex.org/W2158905603","https://openalex.org/W2766105476","https://openalex.org/W2735171729","https://openalex.org/W2786267942","https://openalex.org/W2769254131","https://openalex.org/W2091556092"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,180],"prevalence":[1],"of":[2,44,111],"voice-related":[3],"interaction":[4],"and":[5,13,34,74,96,123,161,198],"communication":[6],"has":[7],"raised":[8],"concerns":[9],"about":[10],"privacy":[11],"leakage":[12],"security.":[14],"For":[15],"example,":[16],"millimeter-wave":[17],"(mmWave)":[18],"radio":[19],"signals":[20],"have":[21],"been":[22],"exploited":[23],"as":[24],"a":[25,81,90,102,116,124,149],"potential":[26],"attacker":[27],"for":[28,40],"acoustic":[29,56],"eavesdropping.":[30,46],"However,":[31],"speaker":[32,112,117,121,136],"variability":[33],"low-quality":[35,64,145],"input":[36],"pose":[37],"significant":[38],"challenges":[39],"the":[41,87,99,108,129,134,155,163,168,172,177],"practical":[42],"deployment":[43],"mmWave-based":[45,190],"In":[47],"this":[48],"paper,":[49],"we":[50,114,147],"propose":[51],"<italic":[52,77,92,185],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[53,78,93,186],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">SPACE</i>,":[54],"an":[55],"eavesdropping":[57],"system":[58,83],"to":[59,70,106,119,127,139,153,166],"recover":[60],"intelligible":[61,141],"speech":[62,142,169],"from":[63,144,171],"mmWave":[65],"signals,":[66],"which":[67],"can":[68],"adapt":[69],"numerous":[71,195],"different":[72,196],"speakers":[73,197],"unseen":[75,199],"ones.":[76],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">SPACE</i>":[79,187],"is":[80],"two-stage":[82],"that":[84,184],"first":[85],"reconstructs":[86],"spectrogram":[88,130,174],"using":[89,176],"novel":[91],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Radio":[94],"TransUNet</i>":[95],"then":[97],"synthesizes":[98],"waveform":[100,170],"through":[101],"neural":[103,164],"vocoder.":[104],"Specifically,":[105],"alleviate":[107],"negative":[109],"effect":[110],"variability,":[113],"introduce":[115],"encoder":[118],"capture":[120],"features":[122],"fusion":[125],"network":[126],"condition":[128],"reconstruction":[131],"based":[132],"on":[133],"extracted":[135],"characteristics.":[137],"Further,":[138],"facilitate":[140],"recovery":[143],"input,":[146],"design":[148],"Frequency":[150],"Transformation":[151],"Layer":[152],"exploit":[154],"correlation":[156],"among":[157],"all":[158],"frequency":[159],"harmonics":[160],"incorporate":[162],"vocoder":[165],"synthesize":[167],"reconstructed":[173],"without":[175],"contaminated":[178],"phase.":[179],"experimental":[181],"results":[182],"show":[183],"outperforms":[188],"existing":[189],"approaches":[191],"in":[192],"scenarios":[193],"with":[194],"speakers.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}