{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412984857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3595199","title":"Reliability Evaluation for WSNs Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning and Graph Neural Networks","display_name":"Reliability Evaluation for WSNs Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning and Graph Neural Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412984857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3595199"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3595199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3595199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ziheng Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9050-8865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ziheng Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9050-8865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082460527","display_name":"Shenghao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8993-8940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenghao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8993-8940","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101741707","display_name":"Hongwei Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4590-3874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4590-3874","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055803886","display_name":"Lingzhi Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0071-1016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158934434","display_name":"Zhongnan University of Economics and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/04yqxxq63","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158934434"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingzhi Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China","School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0071-1016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158934434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Safety Engineering, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158934434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005761043","display_name":"Hanjun Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097777","display_name":"China General Nuclear Power Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00fpj7t66","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097777"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139507","display_name":"State Nuclear Power Technology Company (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03pydjx38","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139507"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanjun Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network and Industrial Control Information Security Technology Department, China Nuclear Power Operation Technology Company, Ltd., Wuhan, China","Network and Industrial Control Information Security Technology Department, China Nuclear Power Operation Technology Company, Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network and Industrial Control Information Security Technology Department, China Nuclear Power Operation Technology Company, Ltd., Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097777"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network and Industrial Control Information Security Technology Department, China Nuclear Power Operation Technology Company, Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028756333","display_name":"Xianjun Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5756-9765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianjun Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5756-9765","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100453979","display_name":"Heng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1425-2885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Industrial Internet of Things and Networked Control, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","Key Laboratory of Industrial Internet of Things and Networked Control, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1425-2885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Internet of Things and Networked Control, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Internet of Things and Networked Control, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103285073","display_name":"Jong Hyuk Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1831-0309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118373667","display_name":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00chfja07","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jong Hyuk Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea","Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1831-0309","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118373667"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21828726,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"861","last_page":"877"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14225","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Control Systems","score":0.9075000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14225","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Control Systems","score":0.9075000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8285609483718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.754629373550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.57919842004776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48724856972694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.48234695196151733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.476953387260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.46283841133117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3834609091281891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.32868051528930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.31796520948410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.24210917949676514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8285609483718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.754629373550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.57919842004776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48724856972694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.48234695196151733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.476953387260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.46283841133117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3834609091281891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32868051528930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.31796520948410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.24210917949676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3595199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3595199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4562989833","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022FF03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312071","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Libya"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4610253753","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62472442","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5862924990","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6386601099","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24B20153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6956888079","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272182","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7091989239","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312071","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Libya","ror":"https://ror.org/02w030k33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002139346","https://openalex.org/W2106335692","https://openalex.org/W2753536049","https://openalex.org/W2932453485","https://openalex.org/W3000733072","https://openalex.org/W3118457540","https://openalex.org/W3119158141","https://openalex.org/W3160875403","https://openalex.org/W3192861164","https://openalex.org/W3213116167","https://openalex.org/W3215200685","https://openalex.org/W4206278790","https://openalex.org/W4210242265","https://openalex.org/W4210443153","https://openalex.org/W4214585763","https://openalex.org/W4220669851","https://openalex.org/W4220690256","https://openalex.org/W4220747123","https://openalex.org/W4220980249","https://openalex.org/W4221087082","https://openalex.org/W4224244979","https://openalex.org/W4226254213","https://openalex.org/W4283019653","https://openalex.org/W4283837850","https://openalex.org/W4313011873","https://openalex.org/W4316813687","https://openalex.org/W4319159613","https://openalex.org/W4360595502","https://openalex.org/W4362577950","https://openalex.org/W4367313187","https://openalex.org/W4376136029","https://openalex.org/W4379528709","https://openalex.org/W4379528798","https://openalex.org/W4388750509","https://openalex.org/W4392694192"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W3084456289","https://openalex.org/W2024136090","https://openalex.org/W4391331176","https://openalex.org/W2031695474","https://openalex.org/W2586732548","https://openalex.org/W2964765435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"Sensor":[1],"Network":[2,117],"(WSN)":[3],"reliability":[4,48,70,76,89,154,187],"evaluation":[5,49],"is":[6,52,135,161],"essential":[7],"for":[8,88,167],"ensuring":[9],"the":[10,20,26,37,56,65,74,86,111,125,132,139,146,150,153,174,179],"stable":[11],"operation":[12,28],"of":[13,30,78,113,155,170,178],"network.":[14],"Traditional":[15],"methods":[16,34],"usually":[17,35],"focus":[18],"on":[19,124],"network":[21,41,57,61,67,79,99,105,147,156,159,184],"topology":[22,68,80,157],"structure,":[23],"and":[24,40,72,81,106,129,149,158,176,186],"calculate":[25,145],"normal":[27],"probability":[29],"WSNs.":[31],"However,":[32],"these":[33],"ignore":[36],"energy":[38],"consumption":[39],"lifetime.":[42,82],"In":[43,83],"this":[44,91],"paper,":[45],"a":[46,94],"novel":[47],"algorithm":[50],"TLR":[51],"proposed,":[53],"which":[54,109],"calculates":[55],"lifetime":[58,160,185],"under":[59],"dynamic":[60],"environment":[62],"according":[63],"to":[64,137,143,172],"pre-set":[66],"structure":[69],"threshold,":[71],"realizes":[73],"comprehensive":[75],"analysis":[77],"addition,":[84],"as":[85],"basis":[87],"evaluation,":[90],"paper":[92],"proposes":[93],"new":[95],"deep":[96],"reinforcement":[97],"learning":[98],"framework":[100],"GNN-AC":[101],"combining":[102],"graph":[103],"neural":[104],"actor-critic":[107],"network,":[108],"solves":[110],"challenge":[112],"constructing":[114],"Virtual":[115],"Backbone":[116],"(VBN)":[118],"in":[119,182],"dynamically":[120],"operating":[121],"networks.":[122],"Based":[123],"self-defined":[126],"fitness":[127,130],"matrix":[128],"value,":[131],"objective":[133],"function":[134],"set":[136],"optimize":[138],"VBN":[140],"construction":[141],"scheme":[142],"accurately":[144],"lifetime,":[148],"relationship":[151],"between":[152],"discussed.":[162],"Simulations":[163],"are":[164],"carried":[165],"out":[166],"various":[168],"sizes":[169],"WSNs":[171],"show":[173],"advantages":[175],"effectiveness":[177],"proposed":[180],"approach":[181],"estimating":[183],"evaluation.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-04T23:47:47.292601","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}