{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412107151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3587292","title":"When Good Becomes Evil: Exploring Crosstalk Attack Surfaces on Multi-Port USB Chargers","display_name":"When Good Becomes Evil: Exploring Crosstalk Attack Surfaces on Multi-Port USB Chargers","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412107151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3587292"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3587292","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3587292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084719047","display_name":"Tao Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0671-3020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0671-3020","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012923763","display_name":"Zehua Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8568-2121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zehua Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8568-2121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100752768","display_name":"Yongliang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2483-8890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongliang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2483-8890","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yihe Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7013-8649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihe Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7013-8649","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiayimei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2907-0401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayimei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2907-0401","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036424879","display_name":"Weitao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-5912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weitao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9741-5912","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081847082","display_name":"Qingchuan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0163-2846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingchuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0163-2846","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Cong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0547-315X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0547-315X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084719047"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15845758,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"12","first_page":"12950","last_page":"12967"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12495","display_name":"Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.748650848865509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crosstalk","display_name":"Crosstalk","score":0.6301080584526062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usb","display_name":"USB","score":0.5786072015762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/port","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","score":0.4151676893234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3653489947319031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3611513078212738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3452876806259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.24857676029205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.18491420149803162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.15523114800453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14536505937576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.08885040879249573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.748650848865509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169822122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230187","display_name":"Crosstalk","level":2,"score":0.6301080584526062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C507366226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42378","display_name":"USB","level":3,"score":0.5786072015762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32802771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443617","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","level":2,"score":0.4151676893234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3653489947319031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3611513078212738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3452876806259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24857676029205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.18491420149803162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.15523114800453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14536505937576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.08885040879249573}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3587292","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3587292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976842305","https://openalex.org/W2017054552","https://openalex.org/W2018636632","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2219132820","https://openalex.org/W2327636911","https://openalex.org/W2532689134","https://openalex.org/W2609561753","https://openalex.org/W2762623186","https://openalex.org/W2794524317","https://openalex.org/W2805001376","https://openalex.org/W2892035503","https://openalex.org/W2962909198","https://openalex.org/W3109500059","https://openalex.org/W3138076532","https://openalex.org/W3153001680","https://openalex.org/W3164146938","https://openalex.org/W3173188912","https://openalex.org/W3202309197","https://openalex.org/W3212869614","https://openalex.org/W4200426111","https://openalex.org/W4224246934","https://openalex.org/W4225476734","https://openalex.org/W4285228252","https://openalex.org/W4288057754","https://openalex.org/W4300824008","https://openalex.org/W4380031550","https://openalex.org/W4384948735","https://openalex.org/W4385080301","https://openalex.org/W4385080395","https://openalex.org/W4386078125","https://openalex.org/W4386260584","https://openalex.org/W4386260597","https://openalex.org/W4387212335","https://openalex.org/W4387227545","https://openalex.org/W4388857868","https://openalex.org/W4399324592","https://openalex.org/W4402263668","https://openalex.org/W4402673955","https://openalex.org/W4403018523","https://openalex.org/W4408566427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3006696321","https://openalex.org/W2355518307","https://openalex.org/W2387033670","https://openalex.org/W2391548169","https://openalex.org/W2354525084","https://openalex.org/W2355734668","https://openalex.org/W2362026881","https://openalex.org/W2375098028","https://openalex.org/W2351580829","https://openalex.org/W2372658608"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-port":[0],"chargers,":[1],"designed":[2,37],"to":[3,55,99,103,152,176,218,305,313],"simultaneously":[4],"charge":[5],"multiple":[6,315],"mobile":[7,221,241,256],"devices":[8,47,111,136],"such":[9,192],"as":[10,193,264,266],"smartphones,":[11],"have":[12,65,71],"gained":[13],"significant":[14],"popularity,":[15],"with":[16,92],"millions":[17],"of":[18,80,109,134,232,254,271],"units":[19],"sold":[20],"in":[21,76,96,162,169,172,180,188,250,285],"recent":[22],"years.":[23],"However,":[24],"this":[25,142],"multi-device":[26],"charging":[27,135,182,220],"feature":[28],"introduces":[29],"security":[30,158],"and":[31,38,124,146,154,159,197,208,239,259,275,309],"privacy":[32,160],"risks.":[33],"If":[34],"not":[35,66],"properly":[36],"implemented,":[39],"these":[40,63],"chargers":[41,82,238],"can":[42,202],"enable":[43],"communication":[44],"between":[45],"connected":[46],"because":[48],"they":[49],"are":[50],"inherently":[51],"interconnected,":[52],"which":[53],"leads":[54],"crosstalk":[56],"voltage":[57,170,178],"leakages.":[58],"Despite":[59],"their":[60],"widespread":[61],"use,":[62],"risks":[64],"been":[67],"thoroughly":[68],"investigated.":[69],"We":[70,227],"identified":[72],"novel":[73,150],"attack":[74,314],"surfaces":[75],"the":[77,89,93,156,181,215,219,224,230,252,269,311],"circuit":[78],"design":[79,145],"multi-port":[81,90,163,237],"that":[83,301],"allow":[84],"an":[85],"adversary":[86],"who":[87],"shares":[88],"charger":[91],"target":[94],"victim":[95],"close":[97],"proximity":[98],"exploit":[100],"one":[101,173],"port":[102,175,183,217],"(i)":[104],"recognize":[105],"fine-grained":[106],"user":[107,186,190],"activities":[108,187],"other":[110],"being":[112],"charged,":[113],"(ii)":[114],"eavesdrop":[115],"on":[116,268,290],"secret":[117],"audio":[118,122,128,205,211,287],"transmission":[119,206],"from":[120,214],"USB-C":[121,225],"pins,":[123],"(iii)":[125],"inject":[126],"malicious":[127],"commands":[129],"into":[130],"built-in":[131],"voice":[132,293],"assistants":[133],"(e.g.,":[137],"Siri,":[138],"Google":[139],"Assistant).":[140],"In":[141,295],"paper,":[143],"we":[144],"implement":[147],"XPORTHEFT,":[148],"a":[149],"system":[151],"analyze":[153],"demonstrate":[155],"uncovered":[157],"threats":[161],"chargers.":[164],"Specifically,":[165],"it":[166],"leverages":[167],"changes":[168,179],"signals":[171],"neighbor":[174,216],"monitor":[177],"induced":[184],"by":[185],"various":[189,306],"interfaces,":[191],"recognizing":[194,251],"running":[195],"apps":[196,257],"detecting":[198],"keystrokes.":[199],"Moreover,":[200],"XPORTHEFT":[201,233,280,302],"also":[203,299],"achieve":[204],"eavesdropping":[207,267],"launch":[209,253],"inaudible":[210,286],"injection":[212,288],"attacks":[213,289],"device":[222],"via":[223],"interface.":[226],"extensively":[228],"evaluate":[229],"effectiveness":[231,249],"using":[234],"five":[235,240],"commercial":[236,292],"devices.":[242],"The":[243],"evaluation":[244],"results":[245],"show":[246],"its":[247],"high":[248],"20":[255],"(88.7%)":[258],"revealing":[260],"unlocking":[261],"passcodes":[262],"(98.8%),":[263],"well":[265],"audios":[270],"numeric":[272],"digits":[273],"(97.1%)":[274],"alphabetic":[276],"characters":[277],"(98.0%).":[278],"Furthermore,":[279],"achieves":[281],"100%":[282],"success":[283],"rates":[284],"three":[291],"assistants.":[294],"addition,":[296],"our":[297],"study":[298],"shows":[300],"is":[303],"resilient":[304],"impact":[307],"factors":[308],"presents":[310],"potential":[312],"victims.":[316]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}