{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410153125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3567635","title":"Embedding Chips Over the Air: Rethink IoT Architecture for Ubiquitous Sensing","display_name":"Embedding Chips Over the Air: Rethink IoT Architecture for Ubiquitous Sensing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410153125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3567635"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3567635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3567635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016217859","display_name":"Qianhe Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8118-2912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qianhe Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452637","display_name":"Han Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5068-527X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033897060","display_name":"Chong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-0144"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165745306","display_name":"Southwest Petroleum University","ror":"https://ror.org/03h17x602","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165745306"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Petroleum University and UESTC, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Petroleum University and UESTC, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165745306","https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075461400","display_name":"Yihang Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4043-122X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046996142","display_name":"Songfan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4054-6513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songfan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009390861","display_name":"Li Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4361-012X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071050711","display_name":"Hongzi Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongzi Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016217859"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09419108,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"10","first_page":"10186","last_page":"10199"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9083999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9083999991416931,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9043999910354614,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9004999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8427191376686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ubiquitous-computing","display_name":"Ubiquitous computing","score":0.6936336755752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6299842596054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.6028315424919128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.6006972193717957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3943699598312378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.38860511779785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3685830235481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.32254910469055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.321756511926651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.2587587535381317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15573963522911072}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8427191376686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172195944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541265","display_name":"Ubiquitous computing","level":2,"score":0.6936336755752563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6299842596054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.6028315424919128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6006972193717957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3943699598312378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.38860511779785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3685830235481262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32254910469055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.321756511926651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.2587587535381317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15573963522911072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3567635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3567635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-162593","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-162593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967872708","https://openalex.org/W2037609314","https://openalex.org/W2099461393","https://openalex.org/W2103102207","https://openalex.org/W2103521506","https://openalex.org/W2117885078","https://openalex.org/W2134011805","https://openalex.org/W2138570755","https://openalex.org/W2138961375","https://openalex.org/W2435603672","https://openalex.org/W2495264776","https://openalex.org/W2615463707","https://openalex.org/W2624991222","https://openalex.org/W2855857260","https://openalex.org/W2914985521","https://openalex.org/W2946485102","https://openalex.org/W3021357400","https://openalex.org/W3043023258","https://openalex.org/W3043382192","https://openalex.org/W3047197897","https://openalex.org/W3087822293","https://openalex.org/W3089277900","https://openalex.org/W3160163162","https://openalex.org/W3191007950","https://openalex.org/W3207781716","https://openalex.org/W3208435040","https://openalex.org/W4241494862","https://openalex.org/W4244736679","https://openalex.org/W4247702180","https://openalex.org/W4283379211","https://openalex.org/W4295789142","https://openalex.org/W4327911482","https://openalex.org/W4372271806","https://openalex.org/W4386260536","https://openalex.org/W4386350317","https://openalex.org/W4386378229","https://openalex.org/W4387212461","https://openalex.org/W4387212516","https://openalex.org/W4387212617","https://openalex.org/W4404034894"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W2081900870","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4247463117","https://openalex.org/W4361251261","https://openalex.org/W2038503502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large-scale":[0],"IoT":[1,62],"sensor":[2,8,22,70,82,197],"deployment":[3,164],"calls":[4],"for":[5],"inexpensive,":[6],"low-power":[7],"nodes":[9,23,71,83,198],"that":[10,64,177],"still":[11],"perform":[12],"long-range,":[13],"large-scale":[14],"networking":[15],"at":[16],"the":[17,28,33,66,87,90,123,143,168,178,193],"system":[18],"level.":[19],"However,":[20],"current":[21],"are":[24,38,84,93],"constructed":[25],"according":[26],"to":[27,75,118],"'one-size-fits-all\u2019":[29],"embedded":[30,73],"design,":[31],"where":[32],"processor":[34],"and":[35,51,89,132,163,166,172,185,191,202],"RF":[36,77],"transceiver":[37],"indispensable":[39],"but":[40],"underutilized":[41],"in":[42,46],"low-duty":[43],"cycles,":[44],"resulting":[45],"overwhelmingly":[47],"significant":[48],"unit":[49,194],"price":[50,195],"run-time":[52],"power.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"paper,":[56],"we":[57],"propose":[58],"a":[59,100],"novel":[60],"processor-sharing":[61],"architecture":[63,180],"converts":[65],"vast":[67],"majority":[68],"of":[69,160,196],"from":[72,142],"computers":[74],"low-end":[76],"peripherals.":[78],"The":[79,174],"conventional":[80],"full-fledged":[81],"smashed":[85],"into":[86],"air,":[88],"scattered":[91],"chips":[92],"scaled":[94],"well":[95],"with":[96,122,157],"negligible":[97],"overheads":[98],"through":[99],"virtual":[101],"I":[102,124,145],"<inline-formula":[103,125,146],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[104,111,126,147],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[105,127,148],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[106,128,149],"C":[107,129,150],"bus":[108,130],"called":[109],"<italic":[110],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">RFBus</i>.":[112],"Specifically,":[113],"RFBus":[114,134,156],"interface":[115],"is":[116],"designed":[117],"be":[119],"backward":[120],"compatible":[121],"interface,":[131],"thus,":[133],"network":[135],"inherits":[136],"versatile":[137],"link":[138,151],"layer":[139,152],"services":[140],"transparently":[141],"well-established":[144],"protocol.":[153],"We":[154],"design":[155],"joint":[158],"consideration":[159],"system-level":[161],"performance":[162],"costs":[165],"evaluate":[167],"prototypes":[169],"both":[170],"indoors":[171],"outdoors.":[173],"result":[175],"indicates":[176],"proposed":[179],"achieves":[181],"6.09":[182],"\u00d7":[183,187],"(indoor)":[184,201],"6.69":[186],"(outdoor)":[188],"energy":[189],"saving":[190],"reduces":[192],"by":[199],"23.5%":[200],"33.5%":[203],"(outdoor).":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}