{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409257387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3556473","title":"FPSelector: A Flexible Path Selector for Mobile Augmented Reality Offloading","display_name":"FPSelector: A Flexible Path Selector for Mobile Augmented Reality Offloading","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409257387","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3556473"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3556473","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3556473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3556473","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004982054","display_name":"Yuanwei Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2946-1890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanwei Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2946-1890","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075937691","display_name":"Yakun Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4051-0200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yakun Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4051-0200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084137249","display_name":"Xiuquan Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-0650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuquan Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-0650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100386603","display_name":"Xiaoli Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4792-2267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoli Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4792-2267","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051802135","display_name":"Xiang Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5945-9551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5945-9551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004876884","display_name":"Anna Brunstr\u00f6m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7311-9334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43968019","display_name":"Karlstad University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s754026","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43968019"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Brunstr\u00f6m","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7311-9334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43968019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053356383","display_name":"\u00d6zg\u00fc Alay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5800-2779"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00d6zg\u00fc Alay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5800-2779","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054443906","display_name":"Sasu Tarkoma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4220-3650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sasu Tarkoma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4220-3650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8777,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85471223,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"9","first_page":"8423","last_page":"8440"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9603999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14067","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Remote Desktop Technologies","score":0.9557999968528748,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8366940021514893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.6201232075691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-computing","display_name":"Mobile computing","score":0.5134481191635132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.463748037815094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37811124324798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3683646321296692}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8366940021514893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.6201232075691223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.5134481191635132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.463748037815094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37811124324798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3683646321296692}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3556473","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3556473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:kau-104717","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-104717","pdf_url":"https://kau.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1964333/FULLTEXT01","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400653","display_name":"Diva portal (Dalarna University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:kau-106772","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-106772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402134","display_name":"Digitala vetenskapliga arkivet (Diva) (Karlstad University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43968019","host_organization_name":"Karlstad University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43968019"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3556473","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3556473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3275187693","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62431015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7706066910","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497586388","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1990116184","https://openalex.org/W2038585497","https://openalex.org/W2057050711","https://openalex.org/W2077902449","https://openalex.org/W2098081907","https://openalex.org/W2101788345","https://openalex.org/W2106393550","https://openalex.org/W2112420033","https://openalex.org/W2117228865","https://openalex.org/W2136850962","https://openalex.org/W2142682167","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2161624011","https://openalex.org/W2436939335","https://openalex.org/W2471962767","https://openalex.org/W2734986407","https://openalex.org/W2769786654","https://openalex.org/W2770930158","https://openalex.org/W2792220137","https://openalex.org/W2800305275","https://openalex.org/W2908479596","https://openalex.org/W2915609635","https://openalex.org/W2920334458","https://openalex.org/W2921589114","https://openalex.org/W2945235903","https://openalex.org/W2964347220","https://openalex.org/W3018919978","https://openalex.org/W3019721760","https://openalex.org/W3030647508","https://openalex.org/W3034631130","https://openalex.org/W3092837658","https://openalex.org/W3093535203","https://openalex.org/W3105504538","https://openalex.org/W3109858579","https://openalex.org/W3112262420","https://openalex.org/W3120265095","https://openalex.org/W3160127723","https://openalex.org/W3168682287","https://openalex.org/W3200083976","https://openalex.org/W3203228700","https://openalex.org/W3203814575","https://openalex.org/W3206626070","https://openalex.org/W3210664956","https://openalex.org/W3212319973","https://openalex.org/W4233762780","https://openalex.org/W4283210602","https://openalex.org/W4283803178","https://openalex.org/W4285116024","https://openalex.org/W4285820523","https://openalex.org/W4310049486","https://openalex.org/W4313048468","https://openalex.org/W4313534960","https://openalex.org/W4387303172","https://openalex.org/W6616837769","https://openalex.org/W6629353124","https://openalex.org/W6635539446","https://openalex.org/W6640022832","https://openalex.org/W6676576766"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172197285","https://openalex.org/W2991048842","https://openalex.org/W2750280393","https://openalex.org/W2355696739","https://openalex.org/W3158001554","https://openalex.org/W2771909920","https://openalex.org/W2957704286","https://openalex.org/W2028936041","https://openalex.org/W2179141964","https://openalex.org/W1990434954"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"Augmented":[1],"Reality":[2],"(MAR)":[3],"applications":[4,197],"pose":[5],"unique":[6],"challenges":[7,62],"due":[8],"to":[9,30,33,112,159,199],"computation":[10,32,76],"intensity,":[11],"constrained":[12],"device":[13],"resources,":[14],"and":[15,25,36,43,54,74,136,183,192],"high":[16],"interactive":[17],"rendering":[18],"requirements.":[19],"The":[20],"emergence":[21],"of":[22,46,120,148,181],"5":[23],"G":[24],"edge":[26,35,101],"computing":[27,41],"offers":[28],"opportunities":[29],"offload":[31],"the":[34,40,61,114],"cloud,":[37],"indirectly":[38],"enhancing":[39],"capability":[42],"usage":[44],"duration":[45],"MAR":[47,90,196],"devices.":[48],"However,":[49],"existing":[50],"general":[51],"task":[52,79],"offloading":[53,64,97,104],"multipath":[55],"transmission":[56],"techniques":[57],"do":[58],"not":[59],"address":[60],"in":[63,185],"path":[65,87],"selection":[66,115],"with":[67,77,99],"multiple":[68,100],"edges,":[69],"dynamic":[70,149],"resource":[71,142],"competition":[72],"awareness,":[73],"spatial":[75],"strong":[78],"dependencies.":[80],"This":[81,125],"paper":[82],"contributes":[83],"FPSelector,":[84],"a":[85,94,108,132,141,178],"flexible":[86],"selector":[88],"for":[89,117,189],"offloading.":[91],"We":[92],"present":[93],"two-tier":[95],"MAR-specific":[96],"scheme":[98],"nodes.":[102],"In":[103],"decisions,":[105],"we":[106,153,167],"design":[107],"reinforcement":[109],"learning":[110,157],"model":[111,126],"generate":[113],"policy":[116],"each":[118],"packet":[119],"an":[121,128,155],"AR":[122],"data":[123],"stream.":[124],"incorporates":[127],"action":[129],"masking":[130],"mechanism,":[131],"comprehensive":[133],"reward":[134],"function,":[135],"state":[137],"features":[138],"complemented":[139],"by":[140],"prediction":[143],"module,":[144],"making":[145],"FPSelector":[146],"aware":[147],"heterogeneous":[150],"environments.":[151],"Moreover,":[152],"propose":[154],"online":[156],"strategy":[158],"facilitate":[160],"real-time":[161],"selection.":[162],"To":[163],"validate":[164],"its":[165,200],"efficacy,":[166],"compare":[168],"FPSelector's":[169],"performance":[170],"against":[171],"leading":[172],"schedulers":[173],"under":[174],"various":[175],"scenarios,":[176],"demonstrating":[177],"notable":[179],"reduction":[180],"9.9%":[182],"9.6%":[184],"overall":[186],"completion":[187],"time":[188],"4":[190],"K":[191,194],"8":[193],"video-based":[195],"compared":[198],"closest":[201],"competitor.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
