{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407937531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3545464","title":"A Traffic-Aware Graph Neural Network for User Association in Cellular Networks","display_name":"A Traffic-Aware Graph Neural Network for User Association in Cellular Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407937531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3545464"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3545464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3545464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052521884","display_name":"Saeed Jamshidiha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0139-2005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Jamshidiha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0139-2005","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026429425","display_name":"Vahid Pourahmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1543-8032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Pourahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1543-8032","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052391185","display_name":"Abbas Mohammadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5505-1660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abbas Mohammadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5505-1660","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052521884"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6125,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88898592,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"8","first_page":"6858","last_page":"6869"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9379000067710876,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9082000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8461625576019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5712890028953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4797721803188324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/association","display_name":"Association (psychology)","score":0.42295753955841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.42054080963134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41583168506622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2506905794143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.238780677318573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8461625576019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5712890028953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4797721803188324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42295753955841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.42054080963134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41583168506622314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2506905794143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.238780677318573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3545464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3545464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W1999506648","https://openalex.org/W2017957151","https://openalex.org/W2110519532","https://openalex.org/W2139906443","https://openalex.org/W2261342007","https://openalex.org/W2511924523","https://openalex.org/W2733015981","https://openalex.org/W2765617367","https://openalex.org/W2775509543","https://openalex.org/W2789656064","https://openalex.org/W2809811157","https://openalex.org/W2883094398","https://openalex.org/W2909894366","https://openalex.org/W2912533691","https://openalex.org/W2916432388","https://openalex.org/W2949790476","https://openalex.org/W2959519368","https://openalex.org/W2963141866","https://openalex.org/W2963414086","https://openalex.org/W2968782695","https://openalex.org/W2971598376","https://openalex.org/W2973229164","https://openalex.org/W2977973695","https://openalex.org/W3003247710","https://openalex.org/W3005623292","https://openalex.org/W3023678368","https://openalex.org/W3046028090","https://openalex.org/W3111885788","https://openalex.org/W3132088884","https://openalex.org/W3157617168","https://openalex.org/W3158564838","https://openalex.org/W3162001942","https://openalex.org/W3162073532","https://openalex.org/W3164385975","https://openalex.org/W4220993384","https://openalex.org/W4226092483","https://openalex.org/W4226117435","https://openalex.org/W4292722345","https://openalex.org/W4310511509","https://openalex.org/W4392902681","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6794207516","https://openalex.org/W6802090726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2352440174","https://openalex.org/W4309440960","https://openalex.org/W2062168445","https://openalex.org/W2348940229","https://openalex.org/W2363046693","https://openalex.org/W2389491697","https://openalex.org/W4301044699","https://openalex.org/W2067476155","https://openalex.org/W4390860228","https://openalex.org/W2111375262"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,41],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,34],"utilize":[4],"a":[5,36,115],"graph":[6,46,103],"neural":[7,47,104],"network":[8,20,32,38,100,109,137,167],"to":[9,18,27,43,67,88,131,149,175],"perform":[10],"joint":[11],"user":[12,155],"association":[13,156],"and":[14,75,99,157,171],"access":[15,97,158],"point":[16,159],"activation/deactivation":[17],"optimize":[19],"blockage.":[21,101],"Instead":[22],"of":[23,31,72,95,107,178],"using":[24],"theoretical":[25],"models":[26],"characterize":[28],"the":[29,45,56,70,90,93,108,112,120,166],"distribution":[30],"traffic,":[33],"use":[35],"real-world":[37,136],"traffic":[39,138],"dataset.":[40],"order":[42],"train":[44],"network,":[48],"our":[49],"method":[50,114,161],"leverages":[51],"reinforcement":[52,77],"learning,":[53],"specifically":[54],"employing":[55],"deep":[57],"deterministic":[58],"policy":[59],"gradient":[60],"(DDPG)":[61],"algorithm.":[62],"This":[63],"approach":[64],"allows":[65],"us":[66],"benefit":[68],"from":[69,145],"advantages":[71],"both":[73],"value-based":[74],"policy-based":[76],"learning":[78],"methods.":[79],"A":[80],"simple":[81],"but":[82],"flexible":[83],"reward":[84],"function":[85],"is":[86,162],"defined":[87],"capture":[89],"trade-off":[91],"between":[92],"fraction":[94],"active":[96],"points":[98],"The":[102,153],"network's":[105],"awareness":[106],"topology":[110],"gives":[111],"proposed":[113,154],"clear":[116],"performance":[117],"advantage":[118],"over":[119],"commonly":[121],"used":[122],"greedy":[123],"heuristic":[124],"optimization":[125],"method,":[126],"reducing":[127,142],"blockage":[128],"by":[129,165],"up":[130],"more":[132],"than":[133],"50%":[134],"on":[135],"data":[139],"while":[140],"also":[141],"computational":[143],"complexity":[144],"<inline-formula><tex-math":[146,150],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mathcal":[147,151],"{O}(N^{3})$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[148],"{O}(N)$</tex-math></inline-formula>.":[152],"activation":[160],"not":[163],"limited":[164],"architecture":[168],"or":[169],"technology,":[170],"can":[172],"be":[173],"applied":[174],"different":[176],"generations":[177],"cellular":[179],"networks.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
