{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407937479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3543976","title":"Partial Offloading Strategy Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning in the Internet of Vehicles","display_name":"Partial Offloading Strategy Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning in the Internet of Vehicles","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407937479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3543976"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3543976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3543976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020309522","display_name":"Shujuan Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0684-0591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4610292","display_name":"Xiangtan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsfaz62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shujuan Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and School of Cyberspace Security, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China","School of Computer Science & School of Cyberspace Security, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and School of Cyberspace Security, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science & School of Cyberspace Security, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069231464","display_name":"Xinjie Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0871-9449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4610292","display_name":"Xiangtan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsfaz62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinjie Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and School of Cyberspace Security, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China","School of Computer Science & School of Cyberspace Security, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and School of Cyberspace Security, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science & School of Cyberspace Security, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101827677","display_name":"Bo Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7531-5697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4610292","display_name":"Xiangtan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsfaz62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bochao Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and School of Cyberspace Security, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China","School of Computer Science & School of Cyberspace Security, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and School of Cyberspace Security, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science & School of Cyberspace Security, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001570342","display_name":"Zhirun Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3030-709X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4610292","display_name":"Xiangtan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsfaz62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhirun Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Compulational Science, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Compulational Science, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100674213","display_name":"Haolin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3192-6378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4610292","display_name":"Xiangtan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsfaz62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haolin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and School of Cyberspace Security, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China","School of Computer Science & School of Cyberspace Security, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and School of Cyberspace Security, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science & School of Cyberspace Security, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081827896","display_name":"Zhetao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7804-0286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhetao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020309522"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5786,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95687721,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"7","first_page":"6517","last_page":"6531"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13918","display_name":"Advanced Data and IoT Technologies","score":0.8711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13918","display_name":"Advanced Data and IoT Technologies","score":0.8711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.8569999933242798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.8414000272750854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7880015969276428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7770633697509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5462415814399719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3825353682041168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3684201240539551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.22809603810310364}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7880015969276428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7770633697509766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5462415814399719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3825353682041168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3684201240539551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22809603810310364}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2025.3543976","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2025.3543976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3997456572","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24A20247","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4072358120","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7822904415","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172349","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101788345","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2195423816","https://openalex.org/W2344695221","https://openalex.org/W2397723600","https://openalex.org/W2516316490","https://openalex.org/W2580038204","https://openalex.org/W2594560857","https://openalex.org/W2615926310","https://openalex.org/W2624989916","https://openalex.org/W2747537200","https://openalex.org/W2773498880","https://openalex.org/W2885703553","https://openalex.org/W2891123429","https://openalex.org/W2895939936","https://openalex.org/W2895973886","https://openalex.org/W2939138533","https://openalex.org/W2962814013","https://openalex.org/W2963360527","https://openalex.org/W2984159320","https://openalex.org/W3002317329","https://openalex.org/W3010301175","https://openalex.org/W3048391539","https://openalex.org/W3105649577","https://openalex.org/W3115857154","https://openalex.org/W3134947650","https://openalex.org/W3175044018","https://openalex.org/W3184724522","https://openalex.org/W3185798037","https://openalex.org/W3202920624","https://openalex.org/W3209940515","https://openalex.org/W4214895313","https://openalex.org/W4221044897","https://openalex.org/W4285307629","https://openalex.org/W4285820523","https://openalex.org/W4386553567","https://openalex.org/W4400727208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Driven":[0],"by":[1,124],"the":[2,53,71,81,104,158],"increasing":[3],"demands":[4],"of":[5,19,24,55,84,166],"vehicular":[6,85],"tasks,":[7],"edge":[8,37,56],"offloading":[9,51,66,72],"has":[10],"emerged":[11],"as":[12],"a":[13,64,113,119,137],"promising":[14],"paradigm":[15],"to":[16,32,36,117],"enhance":[17],"quality":[18],"experience":[20],"(QoE)":[21],"in":[22,40,78,164],"Internet":[23],"Vehicles":[25],"(IoV)":[26],"networks.":[27],"This":[28],"approach":[29,116],"enables":[30],"vehicles":[31],"offload":[33],"computation-intensive":[34],"tasks":[35,86],"servers,":[38],"resulting":[39],"reduced":[41],"computation":[42],"delays":[43],"and":[44,75,90,103,151,169],"lower":[45],"energy":[46,91,108,170],"consumption.":[47,109,171],"However,":[48],"traditional":[49],"binary":[50],"limits":[52],"efficiency":[54],"offloading.":[57],"To":[58],"address":[59],"this":[60,133],"gap,":[61],"we":[62,93,111,135],"propose":[63],"partial":[65],"strategy":[67],"that":[68,157],"jointly":[69],"optimizes":[70],"ratio,":[73],"computation,":[74],"communication":[76],"resources":[77],"IoV.":[79],"Recognizing":[80],"varying":[82],"priorities":[83],"regarding":[87],"task":[88,149,167],"delay":[89,102,168],"consumption,":[92],"formulate":[94],"two":[95],"distinct":[96],"scenarios:":[97],"one":[98],"focused":[99],"on":[100,106,132],"minimizing":[101,107],"other":[105],"Furthermore,":[110],"employ":[112],"reinforcement":[114],"learning":[115],"establish":[118],"multi-dimensional":[120],"joint":[121],"optimization":[122],"function":[123],"setting":[125],"different":[126],"objectives":[127],"for":[128],"each":[129],"scenario.":[130],"Based":[131],"framework,":[134],"introduce":[136],"multi-state":[138],"iteration":[139],"deep":[140],"deterministic":[141],"policy":[142],"gradient":[143],"algorithm":[144,160],"(SIDDPG),":[145],"which":[146],"effectively":[147],"determines":[148],"partitioning":[150],"resource":[152],"allocation.":[153],"Simulation":[154],"results":[155],"demonstrate":[156],"proposed":[159],"outperforms":[161],"benchmark":[162],"schemes":[163],"terms":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}