{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405741886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3522077","title":"Two-Factor Authentication Based on Acoustic Fingerprinting in Modulation Domain","display_name":"Two-Factor Authentication Based on Acoustic Fingerprinting in Modulation Domain","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405741886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3522077"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2024.3522077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3522077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032724669","display_name":"Yanzhi Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanzhi Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062343709","display_name":"Tingyuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9142-6487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingyuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9142-6487","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087186879","display_name":"Yufei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8640-685X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100334703","display_name":"Hongbo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1162-839X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1162-839X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012589427","display_name":"Jiadi Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0207-9643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiadi Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0207-9643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048390686","display_name":"Haomiao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5968-3518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haomiao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5968-3518","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325334","display_name":"Hongwei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1961-7946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1961-7946","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20972566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"5","first_page":"4235","last_page":"4247"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.8525000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.8525000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.802299976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.791700005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.777925968170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5447760820388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/message-authentication-code","display_name":"Message authentication code","score":0.4498325288295746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.42494070529937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3964989483356476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.38610273599624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3649360239505768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.23358392715454102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.09636369347572327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.777925968170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5447760820388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141492731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052621","display_name":"Message authentication code","level":3,"score":0.4498325288295746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.42494070529937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3964989483356476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38610273599624634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3649360239505768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.23358392715454102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.09636369347572327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2024.3522077","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3522077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2045580463","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023NSFSC0478","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2240784210","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3705970871","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023NSFSC0488","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5274394607","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7788836414","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24A20259","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8587259249","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023ZD003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328720","funder_display_name":"Qilu University of Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312071","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Libya","ror":"https://ror.org/02w030k33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328720","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329861","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531409978","https://openalex.org/W1560451643","https://openalex.org/W1989808167","https://openalex.org/W1990556702","https://openalex.org/W2122837018","https://openalex.org/W2155886813","https://openalex.org/W2312542136","https://openalex.org/W2532423614","https://openalex.org/W2534878473","https://openalex.org/W2810116884","https://openalex.org/W2896384017","https://openalex.org/W2919152905","https://openalex.org/W3122181685","https://openalex.org/W3152723633","https://openalex.org/W4226081207","https://openalex.org/W4246193833","https://openalex.org/W4394951253","https://openalex.org/W6640709003"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166668397","https://openalex.org/W2116285675","https://openalex.org/W1533309011","https://openalex.org/W3048245612","https://openalex.org/W1980599209","https://openalex.org/W1555715488","https://openalex.org/W1991172351","https://openalex.org/W1510656496","https://openalex.org/W2061637199","https://openalex.org/W2997078490"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"two-factor":[1],"authentication":[2,155],"(2FA)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"increasingly":[6],"used":[7],"with":[8],"the":[9,20,25,35,45,50,54,69,78,85,102,106,109,113,117,135,138,145,164,175,182,198,206],"popularity":[10],"of":[11,71,81,116,137,177,200,210],"mobile":[12,82],"devices.":[13,58],"Currently,":[14],"many":[15],"existing":[16],"2FA":[17,184],"schemes":[18],"extract":[19,188],"devices\u2019":[21,168],"acoustic":[22,37,79,130,189],"fingerprints":[23,33,169,190],"as":[24,84],"second":[26],"factor.":[27],"Nevertheless,":[28],"they":[29],"mainly":[30],"consider":[31],"deriving":[32,112],"from":[34,105,144],"raw":[36],"waveforms":[38],"for":[39,87,149,170],"authentication,":[40,125],"which":[41,74],"are":[42,75],"susceptible":[43],"to":[44,99,108,133,162],"fingerprint":[46,150],"variations":[47],"caused":[48],"by":[49,77,111],"environmental":[51,142],"noise":[52,143],"or":[53],"varying":[55,139],"distance":[56,140],"between":[57],"To":[59,121,174],"address":[60],"these":[61],"vulnerabilities,":[62],"we":[63,126],"propose":[64],"a":[65,94,123,128,158],"robust":[66,124],"system":[67,91,185,212],"utilizing":[68],"distortions":[70],"modulated":[72],"signals,":[73],"incurred":[76],"elements":[80],"devices,":[83],"proof":[86],"2FA.":[88],"Specifically,":[89],"our":[90,153,178,211],"first":[92,183],"designs":[93,157],"channel":[95,201],"delay":[96,104],"estimation":[97],"scheme":[98,132,161],"accurately":[100],"estimate":[101],"propagation":[103],"speaker":[107],"microphone":[110],"phase":[114],"change":[115],"received":[118],"sinusoidal":[119],"signal.":[120],"perform":[122],"design":[127],"new":[129],"fingerprinting":[131],"remove":[134],"impacts":[136,199],"and":[141,194,208],"demodulated":[146],"PSK":[147],"signals":[148],"extraction.":[151],"Moreover,":[152],"device":[154,172],"component":[156],"transfer":[159],"learning-based":[160],"capture":[163],"subtle":[165],"differences":[166],"in":[167,191],"accurate":[171],"authentication.":[173],"best":[176],"knowledge,":[179],"this":[180],"is":[181],"that":[186],"could":[187],"modulation":[192],"domain":[193],"can":[195],"effectively":[196],"withstand":[197],"distortions.":[202],"We":[203],"also":[204],"confirm":[205],"accuracy":[207],"security":[209],"through":[213],"extensive":[214],"user":[215],"experiments.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}