{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404563025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3502668","title":"G<sup>3</sup>R: Generating Rich and Fine-Grained mmWave Radar Data From 2D Videos for Generalized Gesture Recognition","display_name":"G<sup>3</sup>R: Generating Rich and Fine-Grained mmWave Radar Data From 2D Videos for Generalized Gesture Recognition","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404563025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3502668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2024.3502668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3502668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043869565","display_name":"Kaikai Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1123-6978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaikai Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1123-6978","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100366122","display_name":"Dong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7337-9168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7337-9168","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055192946","display_name":"Wenxin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8492-1699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxin Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8492-1699","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108216109","display_name":"Yue Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8656-5134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8656-5134","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102654537","display_name":"Kangwen Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4531-0609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kangwen Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4531-0609","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100710713","display_name":"Huad\u00f3ng Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-5047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huadong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7199-5047","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, School of Computer Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7597,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72066982,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"2917","last_page":"2934"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7678252458572388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.48236793279647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4129774570465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.33203011751174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3181178569793701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21304252743721008}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7678252458572388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.48236793279647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4129774570465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.33203011751174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3181178569793701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21304252743721008}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2024.3502668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3502668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3015582308","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62222202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G36496830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62232004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5121258340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L223002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6287799790","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B18008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6643904821","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23A20272","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029751976","https://openalex.org/W2042701174","https://openalex.org/W2070924230","https://openalex.org/W2121535648","https://openalex.org/W2126579184","https://openalex.org/W2140515654","https://openalex.org/W2207110500","https://openalex.org/W2216192774","https://openalex.org/W2560722161","https://openalex.org/W2609984075","https://openalex.org/W2773066067","https://openalex.org/W2789563032","https://openalex.org/W2807946084","https://openalex.org/W2886990716","https://openalex.org/W2900846417","https://openalex.org/W2911055311","https://openalex.org/W2950103748","https://openalex.org/W2963729424","https://openalex.org/W2973630397","https://openalex.org/W2979750740","https://openalex.org/W2994788716","https://openalex.org/W3083323811","https://openalex.org/W3103709883","https://openalex.org/W3108326630","https://openalex.org/W3113950706","https://openalex.org/W3115265657","https://openalex.org/W3146968685","https://openalex.org/W3154653361","https://openalex.org/W3161004920","https://openalex.org/W3173403881","https://openalex.org/W3192376676","https://openalex.org/W3196221233","https://openalex.org/W3200391125","https://openalex.org/W3200883581","https://openalex.org/W3213343976","https://openalex.org/W3214233127","https://openalex.org/W4210607509","https://openalex.org/W4210916821","https://openalex.org/W4221057698","https://openalex.org/W4224919889","https://openalex.org/W4225648564","https://openalex.org/W4226030517","https://openalex.org/W4226246654","https://openalex.org/W4294891893","https://openalex.org/W4294891997","https://openalex.org/W4307810610","https://openalex.org/W4312311094","https://openalex.org/W4313150900","https://openalex.org/W4316660738","https://openalex.org/W4317926932","https://openalex.org/W4317927921","https://openalex.org/W4361761232","https://openalex.org/W4366548899","https://openalex.org/W4366581762","https://openalex.org/W4380361332","https://openalex.org/W4381745238","https://openalex.org/W4382998652","https://openalex.org/W4386075706","https://openalex.org/W6600983433","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6728047685","https://openalex.org/W6747827861","https://openalex.org/W6763422710","https://openalex.org/W6850630192"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2537963312","https://openalex.org/W2066003895","https://openalex.org/W2537762514","https://openalex.org/W2349788282","https://openalex.org/W577271088","https://openalex.org/W2120801881","https://openalex.org/W1982853263"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter":[0],"wave":[1],"radar":[2,25,66,117,145,150,165],"is":[3],"gaining":[4],"traction":[5],"recently":[6],"as":[7],"a":[8,55],"promising":[9],"modality":[10],"for":[11,35,147,174],"enabling":[12],"pervasive":[13],"and":[14,23,46,78,114,137,143,154,162],"privacy-preserving":[15],"gesture":[16,36,175],"recognition.":[17,176],"However,":[18],"the":[19,73,98,111,121,133],"lack":[20],"of":[21,75,82,116,139],"rich":[22],"fine-grained":[24,79],"datasets":[26],"hinders":[27],"progress":[28],"in":[29,135],"developing":[30],"generalized":[31],"deep":[32],"learning":[33],"models":[34],"recognition":[37],"across":[38],"various":[39],"user":[40,83],"postures":[41],"(e.g.,":[42],"standing,":[43],"sitting),":[44],"positions,":[45],"scenes.":[47],"To":[48,85],"remedy":[49],"this,":[50],"we":[51,88],"resort":[52],"to":[53,63,71,102,119],"designing":[54],"software":[56],"pipeline":[57],"that":[58],"exploits":[59],"wealthy":[60],"2D":[61,156],"videos":[62,157],"generate":[64],"realistic":[65,149],"data,":[67,166],"but":[68],"it":[69],"needs":[70],"address":[72,132],"challenge":[74],"simulating":[76],"diversified":[77],"reflection":[80,95,105,113],"properties":[81],"gestures.":[84],"this":[86],"end,":[87],"designG3Rwith":[89],"three":[90],"key":[91],"components:":[92],"i)":[93],"agesture":[94],"point":[96],"generatorexpands":[97],"arm's":[99],"skeleton":[100],"points":[101,140],"form":[103],"human":[104,122],"points;":[106],"ii)":[107],"asignal":[108],"simulation":[109],"modelsimulates":[110],"multipath":[112],"attenuation":[115],"signals":[118],"output":[120],"intensity":[123],"map;":[124],"iii)":[125],"anencoder-decoder":[126],"modelcombines":[127],"asampling":[128],"moduleand":[129],"afitting":[130],"moduleto":[131],"differences":[134],"number":[136],"distribution":[138],"between":[141],"generated":[142],"real-world":[144,164],"data":[146,160],"generating":[148],"data.":[151],"We":[152],"implement":[153],"evaluateG3Rusing":[155],"from":[158],"public":[159],"sources":[161],"self-collected":[163],"demonstrating":[167],"its":[168],"superiority":[169],"over":[170],"other":[171],"state-of-the-art":[172],"approaches":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}