{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401748016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3447907","title":"Shadow Based Non-Line-of-Sight Pedestrian Rushing Detection for Automated Driving","display_name":"Shadow Based Non-Line-of-Sight Pedestrian Rushing Detection for Automated Driving","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401748016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3447907"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2024.3447907","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3447907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061478876","display_name":"Hao Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0195-0446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab. of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078406349","display_name":"Feng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-5200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab. of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114488807","display_name":"Li Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5596-4740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab. of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100437776","display_name":"Meng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8748-1008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab. of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079908662","display_name":"Zhisheng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6722-5517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhisheng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101750565","display_name":"Jian Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0650-6099"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chang’an University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chang’an University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105297718","display_name":"Kui Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1969-2591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kui Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Lab. of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab. of Blockchain and Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Technology, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou High-Tech Zone (Binjiang) Institute of Blockchain and Data Security, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061478876"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6115,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66253995,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"12","first_page":"14754","last_page":"14767"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.977400004863739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7702871561050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.6758193373680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","score":0.6430298686027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.596043050289154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian-detection","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","score":0.5945770144462585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.5280319452285767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.5126304030418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sight","display_name":"Sight","score":0.5028976798057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4682394564151764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.46132057905197144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3350348472595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24439769983291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.12160271406173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.11068922281265259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.08745616674423218}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7702871561050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.6758193373680115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6430298686027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.596043050289154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780156472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2355550","display_name":"Pedestrian detection","level":3,"score":0.5945770144462585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5280319452285767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.5126304030418396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1517167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134322","display_name":"Sight","level":2,"score":0.5028976798057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4682394564151764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.46132057905197144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3350348472595215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24439769983291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.12160271406173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.11068922281265259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.08745616674423218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2024.3447907","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3447907","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2051114290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172359","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3123248364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372406","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3489595043","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62032021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5043574788","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102354","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W576872553","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1432573875","https://openalex.org/W1852016712","https://openalex.org/W1987523215","https://openalex.org/W1998270967","https://openalex.org/W2083364416","https://openalex.org/W2103171703","https://openalex.org/W2166502676","https://openalex.org/W2252574053","https://openalex.org/W2299392318","https://openalex.org/W2470080362","https://openalex.org/W2526552653","https://openalex.org/W2560474170","https://openalex.org/W2771617895","https://openalex.org/W2889606600","https://openalex.org/W2895896080","https://openalex.org/W2903118147","https://openalex.org/W2904136631","https://openalex.org/W2948670693","https://openalex.org/W2979417385","https://openalex.org/W2979930345","https://openalex.org/W2999052951","https://openalex.org/W3001774639","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3035462037","https://openalex.org/W3086161309","https://openalex.org/W3102699694","https://openalex.org/W3103730686","https://openalex.org/W3108047812","https://openalex.org/W3109065715","https://openalex.org/W3109381875","https://openalex.org/W3147220144","https://openalex.org/W3157685993","https://openalex.org/W3175028288","https://openalex.org/W3175990321","https://openalex.org/W3199268318","https://openalex.org/W4200614855","https://openalex.org/W4226136493","https://openalex.org/W4283012115","https://openalex.org/W4288245279","https://openalex.org/W4386066365","https://openalex.org/W6767359532","https://openalex.org/W6777046832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172272784","https://openalex.org/W4307436769","https://openalex.org/W4323793210","https://openalex.org/W2366306259","https://openalex.org/W3101720559","https://openalex.org/W2143447014","https://openalex.org/W3172283447","https://openalex.org/W2110478555","https://openalex.org/W2972620127","https://openalex.org/W2981141433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Among":[0],"the":[1,9,151,173,178,181,188],"foremost":[2],"contributors":[3],"to":[4,35,70,93,120,175],"compromised":[5],"driving":[6,54,139],"safety":[7],"is":[8,118],"abrupt":[10],"emergence":[11],"of":[12,167,183],"obstacles":[13],"or":[14,31],"pedestrians":[15,103,156],"within":[16,52,104,159],"drivers\u2019":[17],"non-line-of-sight":[18,23,64],"regions.":[19],"Previous":[20],"investigations":[21],"into":[22],"imaging":[24],"have":[25,32],"predominantly":[26],"depended":[27],"on":[28],"costly":[29],"apparatus":[30],"been":[33],"confined":[34],"controlled":[36],"laboratory":[37],"settings":[38],"(e.g.,":[39],"extensive":[40],"planar":[41,125],"reflectors":[42],"and":[43,83,115,124,145],"regulated":[44],"illumination).":[45],"Consequently,":[46],"these":[47],"technological":[48],"approaches":[49],"prove":[50],"impractical":[51],"intricate":[53],"environments.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"paper,":[58],"we":[59,109],"introduce":[60],"a":[61,88,184],"shadow":[62,89],"based":[63],"moving":[65,99],"obstacle":[66],"detection":[67,165],"system":[68,117,174],"devised":[69],"augment":[71],"Advanced":[72],"Driver":[73],"Assistance":[74],"Systems":[75],"(ADAS),":[76],"ensuring":[77],"adequate":[78],"time":[79],"for":[80],"safe":[81,185],"response":[82],"halting.":[84],"Our":[85],"approach":[86],"incorporates":[87],"signal":[90],"discriminator":[91],"tailored":[92],"evaluate":[94],"faint":[95],"shadows":[96],"generated":[97],"by":[98,133],"obstacles,":[100],"such":[101],"as":[102],"blind":[105],"spots.":[106],"Note":[107],"that":[108],"merely":[110],"use":[111],"commercial":[112],"onboard":[113],"sensors":[114],"our":[116,130],"robust":[119],"various":[121],"lighting":[122,146],"scenarios":[123,140],"reflectors.":[126],"We":[127],"comprehensively":[128],"assess":[129],"methodology's":[131],"adaptability":[132],"employing":[134],"datasets":[135],"acquired":[136],"from":[137,187],"real-world":[138],"encompassing":[141],"diverse":[142],"road":[143],"surfaces":[144],"conditions.":[147],"The":[148],"results":[149],"substantiate":[150],"system's":[152],"efficacy":[153],"in":[154,157],"detecting":[155],"motion":[158],"NLOS":[160],"regions,":[161],"showcasing":[162],"an":[163],"impressive":[164],"range":[166],"22":[168],"meters.":[169],"This":[170],"proficiency":[171],"enables":[172],"pre-emptively":[176],"forewarn":[177],"ADAS,":[179],"facilitating":[180],"maintenance":[182],"distance":[186],"pedestrian.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}