{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401326577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3438155","title":"ParaLoupe: Real-Time Video Analytics on Edge Cluster via Mini Model Parallelization","display_name":"ParaLoupe: Real-Time Video Analytics on Edge Cluster via Mini Model Parallelization","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401326577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3438155"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2024.3438155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3438155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084242983","display_name":"Hanling Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8463-5211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanling Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8463-5211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734609","display_name":"Qing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-473X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-473X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041191758","display_name":"Haidong Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8533-5704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haidong Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8533-5704","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102588014","display_name":"Dieli Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2750-7759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dieli Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2750-7759","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068061222","display_name":"Lianbo Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9969-211X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianbo Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9969-211X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023313904","display_name":"Gareth Tyson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3010-791X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gareth Tyson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014642016","display_name":"Zhenhui Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5676-6433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenhui Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5676-6433","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101626204","display_name":"Yong Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4260-1395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4260-1395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6473,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68741249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"12","first_page":"13945","last_page":"13962"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8767106533050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.7034915685653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.5182538032531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4850739538669586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.48245769739151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.34646162390708923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2824186086654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.2762153744697571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1786191463470459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8767106533050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.7034915685653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.5182538032531738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4850739538669586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.48245769739151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.34646162390708923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2824186086654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.2762153744697571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1786191463470459}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2024.3438155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3438155","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-147341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-147341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/99139","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/99139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1546313086","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072440","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2462569407","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L221004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2029016069","https://openalex.org/W2101032778","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2116220526","https://openalex.org/W2118931255","https://openalex.org/W2124659975","https://openalex.org/W2233116163","https://openalex.org/W2557728737","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2612193523","https://openalex.org/W2738749209","https://openalex.org/W2739879705","https://openalex.org/W2890928364","https://openalex.org/W2891466528","https://openalex.org/W2896180420","https://openalex.org/W2897208343","https://openalex.org/W2904019187","https://openalex.org/W2963918968","https://openalex.org/W2964081807","https://openalex.org/W2965289829","https://openalex.org/W2966313861","https://openalex.org/W2967733054","https://openalex.org/W2984989518","https://openalex.org/W3014641072","https://openalex.org/W3022536434","https://openalex.org/W3030728803","https://openalex.org/W3034528588","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3035332806","https://openalex.org/W3037995725","https://openalex.org/W3039010666","https://openalex.org/W3046256272","https://openalex.org/W3046754651","https://openalex.org/W3091617980","https://openalex.org/W3109296687","https://openalex.org/W3110777925","https://openalex.org/W3122132656","https://openalex.org/W3130823781","https://openalex.org/W3135969576","https://openalex.org/W3140491875","https://openalex.org/W3147954149","https://openalex.org/W3163148797","https://openalex.org/W3171265245","https://openalex.org/W3191321386","https://openalex.org/W3198227059","https://openalex.org/W4205501745","https://openalex.org/W4210269029","https://openalex.org/W4220738176","https://openalex.org/W4236099117","https://openalex.org/W4283020086","https://openalex.org/W4295308621","https://openalex.org/W4306178465","https://openalex.org/W4306178486","https://openalex.org/W4306179731","https://openalex.org/W4312060051","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4386260610","https://openalex.org/W4389459125","https://openalex.org/W6748057086","https://openalex.org/W6752515464","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6767064347","https://openalex.org/W6769668407","https://openalex.org/W6782022623","https://openalex.org/W6790028984","https://openalex.org/W6810896599"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389473457","https://openalex.org/W2115140794","https://openalex.org/W2041120224","https://openalex.org/W2107962325","https://openalex.org/W1504320321","https://openalex.org/W2067902980","https://openalex.org/W2548529098","https://openalex.org/W2248928492","https://openalex.org/W2052899165","https://openalex.org/W4312275919"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Real-time":[0],"video":[1,29,44,73,120],"analytics":[2,30,74],"on":[3,35,165,183],"edge":[4,18,37,83,130,155],"devices":[5,19,131],"has":[6],"gained":[7],"increasing":[8],"attention":[9],"across":[10],"a":[11,70,118],"wide":[12],"range":[13],"of":[14,153],"business":[15],"areas.":[16],"However,":[17],"usually":[20],"have":[21],"limited":[22],"computing":[23,151],"resources.":[24],"Consequently,":[25],"conventional":[26],"approaches":[27],"to":[28,46,56,128,148,157,177,192],"either":[31],"deploy":[32],"simplified":[33],"models":[34,91],"the":[36,47,82,150,154,159,195],"(resulting":[38,49],"in":[39,50,81],"low":[40],"accuracy)":[41],"or":[42,188],"transmit":[43],"content":[45],"cloud":[48],"high":[51],"latency":[52,197],"and":[53],"network":[54],"overheads)":[55],"enable":[57],"deep":[58,78],"learning":[59,79],"inference":[60,80,134,179],"(e.g.,":[61],"object":[62],"detection).":[63],"In":[64],"this":[65],"paper,":[66],"we":[67],"introduce":[68],"ParaLoupe,":[69],"novel":[71],"real-time":[72],"system":[75],"that":[76,169],"parallelizes":[77],"cluster":[84,156],"with":[85,135,181,185],"task-oriented":[86],"mini":[87,90,138],"models.":[88,108,139],"These":[89,122],"do":[92],"not":[93],"attain":[94],"State-of-the-Art":[95,107],"accuracy":[96,182,190],"individually,":[97],"but":[98],"collectively":[99],"can":[100],"achieve":[101,110],"much":[102],"better":[103],"accuracy-latency":[104],"tradeoff":[105],"than":[106],"To":[109],"this,":[111],"ParaLoupe":[112,170],"crops":[113],"multiple":[114,129],"single-object":[115,123],"patches":[116,124],"from":[117],"given":[119],"frame.":[121],"are":[125],"then":[126],"sent":[127],"for":[132],"parallel":[133],"specifically":[136],"designed":[137],"A":[140],"patch-based":[141],"task":[142],"scheduling":[143],"algorithm":[144],"is":[145],"further":[146],"proposed":[147],"leverage":[149],"resources":[152],"meet":[158],"service-level":[160],"objectives.":[161],"Our":[162],"experimental":[163],"results":[164],"real-world":[166],"datasets":[167],"show":[168],"significantly":[171],"outperforms":[172],"baseline":[173],"methods,":[174],"achieving":[175],"up":[176,191],"14.1\u00d7":[178],"speedup":[180],"par":[184],"state-of-the-art":[186],"models,":[187],"improving":[189],"45.1%":[193],"under":[194],"same":[196],"constraints.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}