{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400314708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3423399","title":"A Hierarchical Incentive Mechanism for Federated Learning","display_name":"A Hierarchical Incentive Mechanism for Federated Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400314708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3423399"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2024.3423399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3423399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076273885","display_name":"Jiwei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5220-6703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiwei Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Petroleum Data Mining, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Petroleum Data Mining, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076845306","display_name":"Bowen Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5586-7646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Petroleum Data Mining, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Petroleum Data Mining, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082844557","display_name":"Yuan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6661-9461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383032","display_name":"Ying Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0844-0882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer School, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer School, Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773343","display_name":"Xuemin Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-287X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuemin Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076273885"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5631,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97124371,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"12","first_page":"12731","last_page":"12747"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9406999945640564,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9406999945640564,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8199939727783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.6809179782867432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.6324708461761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4202635884284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4170050621032715}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8199939727783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.6809179782867432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6324708461761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4202635884284973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4170050621032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2024.3423399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3423399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2924039529","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L232050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002406241","https://openalex.org/W2535838896","https://openalex.org/W2734358244","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2783522756","https://openalex.org/W2883880986","https://openalex.org/W2920095265","https://openalex.org/W2946666127","https://openalex.org/W2959640473","https://openalex.org/W2964280086","https://openalex.org/W2972882814","https://openalex.org/W2995022099","https://openalex.org/W3001989995","https://openalex.org/W3010852232","https://openalex.org/W3012990321","https://openalex.org/W3015515533","https://openalex.org/W3021125948","https://openalex.org/W3033813775","https://openalex.org/W3036867964","https://openalex.org/W3037582816","https://openalex.org/W3090615085","https://openalex.org/W3095611529","https://openalex.org/W3101220048","https://openalex.org/W3109847748","https://openalex.org/W3112877893","https://openalex.org/W3115760506","https://openalex.org/W3119680904","https://openalex.org/W3130992186","https://openalex.org/W3135590557","https://openalex.org/W3152560966","https://openalex.org/W3155912831","https://openalex.org/W3159080474","https://openalex.org/W3174536771","https://openalex.org/W3178661111","https://openalex.org/W3196371845","https://openalex.org/W3203818865","https://openalex.org/W3205260830","https://openalex.org/W3212036903","https://openalex.org/W3212552055","https://openalex.org/W4205597275","https://openalex.org/W4212773196","https://openalex.org/W4236158019","https://openalex.org/W4295347215","https://openalex.org/W4297687186","https://openalex.org/W4312389599","https://openalex.org/W4312602762","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6743688258"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2367468089","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358591856","https://openalex.org/W2098133976","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2355932053","https://openalex.org/W2366296021","https://openalex.org/W2382571223"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,21,44,49,57,61,69,86,89,117,144,155,159,167,175,179,183,187,189,196,199,206,233,246,251,255],"explosive":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,23,134,166,178,248,258],"mobile":[5],"computing,":[6],"federated":[7],"learning":[8],"(FL)":[9],"has":[10],"been":[11],"considered":[12],"as":[13],"a":[14,96,132],"promising":[15],"distributed":[16],"training":[17],"framework":[18,146],"for":[19,53,71],"addressing":[20],"shortage":[22],"conventional":[24],"cloud":[25],"based":[26,170],"centralized":[27],"training.":[28],"In":[29,81],"FL,":[30],"local":[31,39,46],"model":[32,72,195],"owners":[33],"(LMOs)":[34],"individually":[35],"train":[36],"their":[37,120],"respective":[38],"models":[40,47],"and":[41,92,111,127,181,201,203,209,238,250],"then":[42],"upload":[43],"trained":[45],"to":[48,55,78,137,150,162,194,231],"task":[50],"publisher":[51],"(TP)":[52],"aggregation":[54],"obtain":[56],"global":[58],"model.":[59],"When":[60],"data":[62],"provided":[63],"by":[64,84],"LMOs":[65,91,112,128],"do":[66],"not":[67],"meet":[68],"requirements":[70],"training,":[73],"they":[74],"can":[75],"recruit":[76],"workers":[77,110,118],"collect":[79],"data.":[80],"this":[82],"paper,":[83],"considering":[85],"interactions":[87,197],"among":[88],"TP,":[90],"workers,":[93],"we":[94,142,157,173,204,214],"propose":[95],"three-layer":[97],"hierarchical":[98],"game":[99,191],"framework.":[100],"However,":[101],"there":[102],"are":[103],"two":[104,148],"challenges.":[105,153],"First,":[106],"information":[107],"asymmetry":[108],"between":[109,125,198,236],"may":[113,129],"result":[114,130],"in":[115,131,139],"that":[116],"hide":[119],"types.":[121],"Second,":[122],"incentive":[123],"mismatch":[124],"TP":[126,200],"lack":[133],"LMOs\u2019":[135],"willingness":[136],"participate":[138],"FL.":[140],"Therefore,":[141],"decompose":[143],"hierarchical-based":[145],"into":[147],"layers":[149],"address":[151],"these":[152],"For":[154,186],"lower-layer,":[156],"leverage":[158],"contract":[160,180],"theory":[161],"ensure":[163],"truthful":[164],"reporting":[165],"workers\u2019":[168],"types,":[169],"on":[171],"which":[172],"simplify":[174],"feasible":[176],"conditions":[177],"design":[182],"optimal":[184],"contract.":[185],"upper-layer,":[188],"Stackelberg":[190,210],"is":[192],"adopted":[193],"LMOs,":[202],"derive":[205],"Nash":[207],"equilibrium":[208,211],"solutions.":[212],"Moreover,":[213],"develop":[215],"an":[216],"iterative":[217],"<underline":[218,221,224,227],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[219,222,225,228],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">H</u>ierarchical-based":[220],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">U</u>tility":[223],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">M</u>aximization":[226],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">A</u>lgorithm":[229],"(HUMA)":[230],"solve":[232],"coupling":[234],"problem":[235],"upper-layer":[237],"lower-layer":[239],"games.":[240],"Extensive":[241],"numerical":[242],"experimental":[243],"results":[244,253],"verify":[245],"effectiveness":[247],"HUMA,":[249],"comparison":[252],"illustrate":[254],"performance":[256],"gain":[257],"HUMA.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}