{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391974598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3367781","title":"Securing Face Liveness Detection on Mobile Devices Using Unforgeable Lip Motion Patterns","display_name":"Securing Face Liveness Detection on Mobile Devices Using Unforgeable Lip Motion Patterns","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391974598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3367781"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2024.3367781","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3367781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062166339","display_name":"Man Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1602-7369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Man Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1602-7369","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391116","display_name":"Qian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8967-8525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing, Ministry of Education, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8967-8525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Security and Trusted Computing, Ministry of Education, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350165","display_name":"Qi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8776-8730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8776-8730","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101073230","display_name":"Wenyu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4139-5042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4139-5042","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security, Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security, School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058515267","display_name":"Jingxiao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4811-3894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingxiao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4811-3894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101843177","display_name":"Chao Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6959-0569"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6959-0569","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1387,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95006028,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"10","first_page":"9772","last_page":"9788"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liveness","display_name":"Liveness","score":0.828110933303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8092634677886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.548884391784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5400216579437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-computing","display_name":"Mobile computing","score":0.4722784459590912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.4577315151691437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45452606678009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4302130341529846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.42650306224823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.4210891127586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.4183775782585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3349827826023102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.24072352051734924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.15451422333717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.15279114246368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.14872688055038452}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15569618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3561421","display_name":"Liveness","level":2,"score":0.828110933303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8092634677886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.548884391784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5400216579437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.4722784459590912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.4577315151691437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45452606678009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4302130341529846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42650306224823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.4210891127586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.4183775782585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3349827826023102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.24072352051734924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.15451422333717346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.15279114246368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14872688055038452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2024.3367781","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2024.3367781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2404993877","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U20B2049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2528846581","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62161160337","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4356623924","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"xtr022019002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5312887422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"xtr052023004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5873790623","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6034313629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21B2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7155321176","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62132011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1889383825","https://openalex.org/W1935685005","https://openalex.org/W1966738114","https://openalex.org/W2050132334","https://openalex.org/W2129622867","https://openalex.org/W2136975665","https://openalex.org/W2153200718","https://openalex.org/W2160757564","https://openalex.org/W2171502826","https://openalex.org/W2174309130","https://openalex.org/W2301937176","https://openalex.org/W2341318667","https://openalex.org/W2535873859","https://openalex.org/W2789352577","https://openalex.org/W2791445945","https://openalex.org/W2795038031","https://openalex.org/W2911233953","https://openalex.org/W2946566846","https://openalex.org/W2963721962","https://openalex.org/W2977115923","https://openalex.org/W2994621558","https://openalex.org/W2994661026","https://openalex.org/W2995458901","https://openalex.org/W3034795015","https://openalex.org/W3034823537","https://openalex.org/W3046357449","https://openalex.org/W3047328898","https://openalex.org/W3088911076","https://openalex.org/W3113824005","https://openalex.org/W3119994608","https://openalex.org/W3129470418","https://openalex.org/W3139414251","https://openalex.org/W3153665222","https://openalex.org/W3156245112","https://openalex.org/W3174656926","https://openalex.org/W3175342695","https://openalex.org/W3183392865","https://openalex.org/W3191630110","https://openalex.org/W3192213611","https://openalex.org/W3197516073","https://openalex.org/W3203625766","https://openalex.org/W3212258096","https://openalex.org/W4200291573","https://openalex.org/W4205302377","https://openalex.org/W4205974231","https://openalex.org/W4206999457","https://openalex.org/W4225678970","https://openalex.org/W4226378932","https://openalex.org/W4226544560","https://openalex.org/W4293370654","https://openalex.org/W4306250185","https://openalex.org/W4312342993","https://openalex.org/W4313203596","https://openalex.org/W4315750722","https://openalex.org/W4382203496","https://openalex.org/W4384027004","https://openalex.org/W4384499125","https://openalex.org/W4384948605","https://openalex.org/W6719804167","https://openalex.org/W6749300007","https://openalex.org/W6847897880"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565271071","https://openalex.org/W2965549351","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W3211418293","https://openalex.org/W4308999963","https://openalex.org/W4312081214","https://openalex.org/W4285815683","https://openalex.org/W325114128"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"authentication":[1,64,101],"usually":[2],"utilizes":[3,123],"deep":[4],"learning":[5],"models":[6,23],"to":[7,17,42,132,161],"verify":[8],"users":[9],"with":[10,190],"high":[11],"accuracy.":[12],"However,":[13],"it":[14],"is":[15],"vulnerable":[16],"various":[18],"attacks":[19],"that":[20,85,156,166],"cheat":[21],"the":[22,26,47,59,80,150,194],"by":[24,53,152],"manipulating":[25],"digital":[27],"counterparts":[28],"of":[29,35,61,77,198],"human":[30],"faces.":[31],"So":[32],"far,":[33],"lots":[34],"liveness":[36,68,104,116,170],"detection":[37,69,105,117,171],"schemes":[38],"have":[39],"been":[40],"developed":[41],"prevent":[43],"such":[44],"attacks.":[45,56],"Unfortunately,":[46],"attacker":[48],"can":[49,96],"still":[50],"bypass":[51],"them":[52],"constructing":[54],"sophisticated":[55],"We":[57,175],"study":[58],"security":[60,136],"existing":[62],"face":[63,88,93,100,115],"services":[65,102],"and":[66,103,181,196],"typical":[67],"approaches.":[70,106],"Particularly,":[71],"we":[72,110],"develop":[73],"a":[74,91,113,134],"new":[75],"type":[76],"attack,":[78],"i.e.,":[79],"low-cost":[81],"3D":[82,92],"projection":[83],"attack":[84],"projects":[86],"manipulated":[87],"videos":[89],"on":[90,119,178],"model,":[94],"which":[95,122,164],"easily":[97],"evade":[98],"these":[99],"To":[107],"this":[108],"end,":[109],"propose":[111],"FaceLip,":[112],"novel":[114],"scheme":[118],"mobile":[120],"devices,":[121],"lip":[124,140],"motion":[125],"patterns":[126,151],"built":[127],"upon":[128],"well-designed":[129],"acoustic":[130,154],"signals":[131,155,168],"enable":[133],"strong":[135],"guarantee.":[137],"The":[138],"unique":[139],"motions":[141],"for":[142,169],"each":[143],"user":[144],"are":[145,157],"unforgeable":[146],"because":[147],"FaceLip":[148,177],"verifies":[149],"analyzing":[153],"dynamically":[158],"generated":[159],"according":[160],"random":[162],"challenges,":[163],"ensures":[165],"our":[167],"cannot":[172],"be":[173],"manipulated.":[174],"prototype":[176],"off-the-shelf":[179],"smartphones":[180],"conduct":[182],"extensive":[183],"experiments":[184],"under":[185],"different":[186],"settings.":[187],"Our":[188],"evaluation":[189],"44":[191],"participants":[192],"validates":[193],"effectiveness":[195],"robustness":[197],"FaceLip.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-14T07:44:22.658603","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
