{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385061950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2023.3297115","title":"TrajBERT: BERT-Based Trajectory Recovery With Spatial-Temporal Refinement for Implicit Sparse Trajectories","display_name":"TrajBERT: BERT-Based Trajectory Recovery With Spatial-Temporal Refinement for Implicit Sparse Trajectories","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385061950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2023.3297115"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2023.3297115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2023.3297115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062603529","display_name":"Junjun Si","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9477-3201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junjun Si","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","Hezhixin(Shandong) big data Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hezhixin(Shandong) big data Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101574525","display_name":"Jin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9790-1355"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hezhixin (Shandong) Big Data Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hezhixin (Shandong) Big Data Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102784419","display_name":"Yang Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6541-149X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hezhixin (Shandong) Big Data Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hezhixin (Shandong) Big Data Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083415358","display_name":"Hanqiu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2852-4028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanqiu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Li Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7961-7354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Information Science &amp; Technology University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Information Science &amp; Technology University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100695813","display_name":"Rongqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3774-6247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100679235","display_name":"Bo Tu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hezhixin (Shandong) Big Data Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hezhixin (Shandong) Big Data Technology Co., Ltd., Jinan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101636662","display_name":"Xiangqun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7366-5906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangqun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062603529"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.8031,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98256582,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"4849","last_page":"4860"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.965399980545044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.9235000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8305748105049133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.7704380750656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6853361129760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5374314188957214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.47786444425582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.379023015499115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8305748105049133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.7704380750656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6853361129760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5374314188957214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.47786444425582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.379023015499115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2023.3297115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2023.3297115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2679298346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271351","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1626398438","https://openalex.org/W1964461063","https://openalex.org/W1979081979","https://openalex.org/W2008814765","https://openalex.org/W2017921654","https://openalex.org/W2028442915","https://openalex.org/W2040215619","https://openalex.org/W2049626361","https://openalex.org/W2094283130","https://openalex.org/W2141596757","https://openalex.org/W2151886106","https://openalex.org/W2166771065","https://openalex.org/W2172041433","https://openalex.org/W2353778398","https://openalex.org/W2770193634","https://openalex.org/W2787862659","https://openalex.org/W2788114581","https://openalex.org/W2790055919","https://openalex.org/W2795016801","https://openalex.org/W2894692710","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2899897827","https://openalex.org/W2900969057","https://openalex.org/W2911662370","https://openalex.org/W2921532413","https://openalex.org/W2951868921","https://openalex.org/W2966664041","https://openalex.org/W2973201950","https://openalex.org/W2979820005","https://openalex.org/W3026400623","https://openalex.org/W3035342250","https://openalex.org/W3042011474","https://openalex.org/W3043763655","https://openalex.org/W3048644215","https://openalex.org/W3102272367","https://openalex.org/W3109759873","https://openalex.org/W3118860522","https://openalex.org/W3120437934","https://openalex.org/W3169134134","https://openalex.org/W3172099915","https://openalex.org/W3173572290","https://openalex.org/W3175833479","https://openalex.org/W3175881175","https://openalex.org/W3175925542","https://openalex.org/W3211468413","https://openalex.org/W3214908026","https://openalex.org/W4200143088","https://openalex.org/W4285827226","https://openalex.org/W4290943894","https://openalex.org/W4299734264","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385270681","https://openalex.org/W6636500457","https://openalex.org/W6731966471","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6771154167","https://openalex.org/W6791776128"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356875448","https://openalex.org/W2275988210","https://openalex.org/W2385621972","https://openalex.org/W2363475415","https://openalex.org/W2358489738","https://openalex.org/W2751656612","https://openalex.org/W2376805096","https://openalex.org/W1546415126","https://openalex.org/W2062543035","https://openalex.org/W3047144510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,14,95,105,130,152,161,193],"realm":[2],"of":[3,10,16,46,132,138,195],"human":[4,47,196],"mobility":[5,66,100,197],"data":[6,62],"analysis,":[7],"a":[8,42,122,136,189],"multitude":[9],"constraints":[11],"result":[12],"in":[13,192],"publication":[15],"sparse,":[17],"non-uniform":[18],"implicit":[19,69],"trajectories":[20,39,70],"without":[21],"explicit":[22,56,76],"location":[23],"information,":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26,188],"coordinates.":[27],"Researchers":[28],"have":[29],"dedicated":[30],"substantial":[31],"efforts":[32],"towards":[33],"trajectory":[34,51,87,154],"recovery,":[35],"aiming":[36],"to":[37,63,98,151],"densify":[38],"and":[40,58,103],"gain":[41],"more":[43,73],"comprehensive":[44],"understanding":[45],"mobility.":[48],"However,":[49],"existing":[50],"recovery":[52,88,155],"methods":[53],"focus":[54],"on":[55,140],"trajectories,":[57,183],"require":[59],"extensive":[60],"historical":[61,171],"capture":[64],"users'":[65],"patterns.":[67],"Nevertheless,":[68],"are":[71],"usually":[72],"sparse":[74,182],"than":[75],"trajectories.":[77,172],"Addressing":[78],"these":[79],"challenges,":[80],"we":[81,112,134],"propose":[82],"TrajBERT,":[83,133],"an":[84,114],"innovative":[85],"BERT-based":[86],"method":[89],"with":[90,117,121,167,180],"spatial-temporal":[91,124],"refinement.":[92,110],"TrajBERT":[93,158],"employs":[94],"Transformer":[96],"encoder":[97],"learn":[99],"patterns":[101],"bi-directionally":[102],"enhances":[104],"predictions":[106],"by":[107],"cross-stage":[108],"temporal":[109],"Subsequently,":[111],"design":[113],"output":[115],"layer":[116],"global":[118],"spatial":[119],"refinement":[120],"novel":[123],"aware":[125],"loss":[126],"function.":[127],"To":[128],"evaluate":[129],"performance":[131,148],"conduct":[135],"series":[137],"experiments":[139],"real-world":[141],"datasets.":[142],"Remarkably,TrajBERT":[143],"yields":[144],"at":[145],"least":[146],"8.2%":[147],"improvement":[149],"compared":[150],"state-of-the-art":[153],"approachs.":[156],"Furthermore,":[157],"successfully":[159],"mitigates":[160],"cold":[162],"start":[163],"problem":[164],"commonly":[165],"experienced":[166],"new":[168],"users":[169],"lacking":[170],"It":[173],"also":[174],"shows":[175],"superior":[176],"robustness":[177],"when":[178],"faced":[179],"extremely":[181],"thus":[184],"demonstrating":[185],"its":[186],"potential":[187],"practical":[190],"tool":[191],"field":[194],"analysis.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
