{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4366112315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2023.3267565","title":"BEET: Blockchain Enabled Energy Trading for E-Mobility Oriented Electric Vehicles","display_name":"BEET: Blockchain Enabled Energy Trading for E-Mobility Oriented Electric Vehicles","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4366112315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2023.3267565"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2023.3267565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2023.3267565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10251/207850","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089212057","display_name":"Bhawana","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152429107","display_name":"Jawaharlal Nehru University","ror":"https://ror.org/0567v8t28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152429107"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhawana","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Systems Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4657-4523","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Systems Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152429107"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057543679","display_name":"Sushil Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9113-2890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152429107","display_name":"Jawaharlal Nehru University","ror":"https://ror.org/0567v8t28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152429107"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sushil Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Systems Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9113-2890","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Systems Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152429107"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041837552","display_name":"Rajkumar Singh Rathore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4571-1888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8408910","display_name":"Cardiff Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00bqvf857","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8408910"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajkumar Singh Rathore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4571-1888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Cardiff School of Technologies, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8408910"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072567123","display_name":"Upasana Dohare","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1610-064X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155125381","display_name":"Galgotias University","ror":"https://ror.org/02w8ba206","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155125381"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Upasana Dohare","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Engineering, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1610-064X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Engineering, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155125381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030757255","display_name":"Omprakash Kaiwartya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9669-8244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52590639","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omprakash Kaiwartya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9669-8244","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52590639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061267204","display_name":"Jaime Lloret","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0862-0533"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaime Lloret","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Investigación para la gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras, Universitat, Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0862-0533","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Investigación para la gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras, Universitat, Politécnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409306","display_name":"Neeraj Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-3947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neeraj Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-3947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5405,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95351162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"3018","last_page":"3034"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.7099718451499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6443914175033569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.5979426503181458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5050016045570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.4636602997779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.4523422122001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.4316880702972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.18274348974227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.17070838809013367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16509166359901428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11756402254104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.08701619505882263}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.7099718451499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6443914175033569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.5979426503181458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5050016045570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.4636602997779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.4523422122001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.4316880702972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.18274348974227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17070838809013367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16509166359901428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11756402254104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.08701619505882263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2023.3267565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2023.3267565","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/207850","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10251/207850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401500","display_name":"RiuNet (Politechnical University of Valencia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:riunet.upv.es:10251/207850","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10251/207850","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401500","display_name":"RiuNet (Politechnical University of Valencia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60053951","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60053951"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310728","display_name":"Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer","ror":"https://ror.org/00v452281"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311701","display_name":"Nottingham Trent University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xyxjd90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554614573","https://openalex.org/W1590543327","https://openalex.org/W1982544809","https://openalex.org/W1992123466","https://openalex.org/W2204963357","https://openalex.org/W2527678568","https://openalex.org/W2609729060","https://openalex.org/W2619984247","https://openalex.org/W2748692995","https://openalex.org/W2752263663","https://openalex.org/W2777447168","https://openalex.org/W2783860967","https://openalex.org/W2790661630","https://openalex.org/W2808808846","https://openalex.org/W2810593442","https://openalex.org/W2821029900","https://openalex.org/W2890086670","https://openalex.org/W2891930034","https://openalex.org/W2893857545","https://openalex.org/W2909146079","https://openalex.org/W2912326896","https://openalex.org/W2949135363","https://openalex.org/W2955591483","https://openalex.org/W2967800338","https://openalex.org/W2981358868","https://openalex.org/W2990466689","https://openalex.org/W2996282283","https://openalex.org/W3009727767","https://openalex.org/W3012107589","https://openalex.org/W3027300826","https://openalex.org/W3156129242","https://openalex.org/W3158301274"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3048758247","https://openalex.org/W3209969859","https://openalex.org/W3014284641","https://openalex.org/W2994198438","https://openalex.org/W4376471780","https://openalex.org/W3165229883","https://openalex.org/W2254044994","https://openalex.org/W4386442661","https://openalex.org/W3124459955","https://openalex.org/W99810297"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Renewable":[0],"Energy":[1,112],"Sources":[2],"(RESs)":[3],"are":[4,92,159],"gaining":[5],"considerable":[6],"attention":[7],"to":[8,32,40,63,75,88,94,128,166,172,185,190,222,225,232],"reduce":[9],"human":[10],"dependence":[11],"on":[12,24,28,84,161],"fossil":[13],"fuels":[14],"and":[15,37,135,168,174,211],"minimize":[16],"harmful":[17],"gases":[18],"in":[19,101,148,204,242,251],"our":[20],"surroundings.":[21],"Existing":[22],"literature":[23],"energy":[25,31,44,57,150,171,189,229],"trading":[26,151],"focused":[27],"providing":[29],"renewable":[30,170,188,228],"smart":[33,35,38],"homes,":[34],"buildings,":[36],"offices":[39],"fulfill":[41,95],"their":[42,65],"daily":[43],"demands":[45,98],"obtained":[46,247],"from":[47,175,248],"RESs.":[48],"Besides,":[49],"Electric":[50],"Vehicles":[51],"(EVs)":[52],"use":[53,71],"either":[54],"power":[55,73,85,90],"grid":[56],"or":[58],"a":[59,81,109,154,193],"battery":[60],"exchange":[61],"mechanism":[62,182],"recharge":[64,76],"low":[66,77,194],"EV":[67,78,117,180],"batteries.":[68],"The":[69,213],"continuous":[70],"of":[72,99,122,132,206],"grids":[74,91],"batteries":[79],"causes":[80],"significant":[82],"load":[83],"grids.":[86],"Due":[87],"this,":[89],"inadequate":[93],"the":[96,102,123,130,146,149,162,217,227,239,243],"ever-increasing":[97],"EVs":[100],"future.":[103],"In":[104],"this":[105],"context,":[106],"we":[107],"propose":[108],"Blockchain":[110],"Enabled":[111],"Trading":[113],"(BEET)":[114],"framework":[115,125,219],"oriented":[116],"charging.":[118],"A":[119,196],"system":[120],"architecture":[121],"BEET":[124,218],"is":[126,183,199,236],"presented":[127],"describe":[129],"functioning":[131],"each":[133],"layer":[134],"its":[136],"associated":[137],"entities.":[138],"We":[139],"formulate":[140],"an":[141,179],"optimization":[142],"problem":[143,231],"that":[144,216,238],"maximizes":[145],"revenue":[147],"process":[152],"using":[153],"knapsack":[155],"optimization.":[156],"Smart":[157],"contracts":[158],"designed":[160,184],"consortium":[163],"blockchain":[164],"network":[165],"sell":[167],"buy":[169],"aggregators":[173],"producers,":[176],"respectively.":[177],"Moreover,":[178],"charging":[181,207],"intelligently":[186],"allocate":[187],"consumers":[191],"at":[192],"price.":[195],"comparative":[197],"analysis":[198,245],"performed":[200],"with":[201],"state-of-the-art":[202,223],"works":[203,224],"terms":[205],"price,":[208],"revenue,":[209],"throughput,":[210],"latency.":[212],"results":[214],"indicate":[215],"outperforms":[220],"compared":[221],"address":[226],"demand":[230],"realize":[233],"E-mobility.":[234],"It":[235],"clarified":[237],"data":[240],"considered":[241],"experimental":[244],"were":[246],"statistical":[249],"simulations":[250],"realistic":[252],"E-Mobility":[253],"environment":[254],"settings.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}