{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312724533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2022.3215012","title":"Back-Guard: Wireless Backscattering Based User Sensing With Parallel Attention Model","display_name":"Back-Guard: Wireless Backscattering Based User Sensing With Parallel Attention Model","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312724533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2022.3215012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2022.3215012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2022.3215012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341802","display_name":"Xiang\u2010Yang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6070-6625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiang-Yang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050809302","display_name":"Manjiang Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6086-026X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manjiang Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103041851","display_name":"Yanyong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9046-798X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanyong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087967463","display_name":"Panlong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1057-2793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panlong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110716266","display_name":"Chengchen Wan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengchen Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060569407","display_name":"Xing Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1873-6791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067465324","display_name":"Haisheng Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3133-1430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haisheng Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100341802"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4602,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61834849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"12","first_page":"7466","last_page":"7481"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7153929471969604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guard","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","score":0.6862053871154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5231496095657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4203370213508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40254920721054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11062341928482056}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7153929471969604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141141315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2379942","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6862053871154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5231496095657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4203370213508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40254920721054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11062341928482056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2022.3215012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2022.3215012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3930769006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61625205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334953","funder_display_name":"China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5894582779","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62132018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334953","display_name":"China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists","ror":"https://ror.org/01pab2602"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972567154","https://openalex.org/W1978460036","https://openalex.org/W1989259731","https://openalex.org/W2000184637","https://openalex.org/W2010882865","https://openalex.org/W2050304483","https://openalex.org/W2058682657","https://openalex.org/W2080915355","https://openalex.org/W2109520672","https://openalex.org/W2130287054","https://openalex.org/W2132690206","https://openalex.org/W2141336889","https://openalex.org/W2155387468","https://openalex.org/W2162415752","https://openalex.org/W2165644552","https://openalex.org/W2172292165","https://openalex.org/W2346489315","https://openalex.org/W2347028507","https://openalex.org/W2465494910","https://openalex.org/W2517331439","https://openalex.org/W2554581053","https://openalex.org/W2615463707","https://openalex.org/W2734730826","https://openalex.org/W2734845228","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2755767288","https://openalex.org/W2783038762","https://openalex.org/W2793772749","https://openalex.org/W2794843057","https://openalex.org/W2795168503","https://openalex.org/W2811272561","https://openalex.org/W2885107742","https://openalex.org/W2886773299","https://openalex.org/W2887971674","https://openalex.org/W2889692286","https://openalex.org/W2890220560","https://openalex.org/W2931750383","https://openalex.org/W2940661151","https://openalex.org/W2941266383","https://openalex.org/W2942467756","https://openalex.org/W2948212865","https://openalex.org/W2950821050","https://openalex.org/W2952586546","https://openalex.org/W2954621027","https://openalex.org/W2965243934","https://openalex.org/W2972731350","https://openalex.org/W2979779359","https://openalex.org/W2998115938","https://openalex.org/W3092447084","https://openalex.org/W3098673391","https://openalex.org/W4242781462","https://openalex.org/W4253510307","https://openalex.org/W4283208041","https://openalex.org/W4283836374","https://openalex.org/W6628478440","https://openalex.org/W6676045232","https://openalex.org/W6682132143","https://openalex.org/W6738279954"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4313488044","https://openalex.org/W3209574120","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4210805261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,103,118,190],"rapid":[2],"advance":[3],"of":[4,27,61],"wireless":[5,76],"sensing":[6,50,86],"techniques,":[7],"it":[8],"becomes":[9],"possible":[10],"to":[11],"provide":[12],"a":[13,24,84,141],"fine-grained":[14],"user":[15,93,98,171,182],"activity":[16,36,57,94,164],"tracking":[17],"service":[18],"at":[19],"home":[20],"and":[21,40,67,75,91,96,107,114,131,134,144,167],"office.":[22],"Such":[23],"technique":[25],"is":[26],"broad":[28],"applications":[29],"in":[30,136],"various":[31,137],"domains":[32],"such":[33],"as":[34],"personal":[35],"diary,":[37],"elderly":[38],"care,":[39],"customized":[41],"services.":[42],"For":[43],"example,":[44],"several":[45],"radio":[46],"frequency":[47],"(RF)":[48],"based":[49,121],"systems":[51],"were":[52],"recently":[53],"proposed":[54],"for":[55,150],"human":[56],"recognition.":[58],"However,":[59],"most":[60],"them":[62],"focused":[63],"on":[64],"specific":[65],"scenarios":[66],"suffered":[68],"from":[69,111,147],"interference":[70],"caused":[71],"by":[72,195],"other":[73],"users":[74,132,149,191],"devices.":[77],"In":[78,175],"this":[79],"work,":[80],"we":[81],"propose":[82],"Back-Guard,":[83],"backscattering-based":[85],"system":[87,126,143],"that":[88,158],"achieves":[89,160],"accurate":[90],"non-intrusive":[92],"recognition":[95,165],"further":[97],"identification/authentication.":[99],"Back-Guard":[100,159,177],"carefully":[101],"examines":[102],"backscatter":[104],"spectrogram":[105],"data":[106,146],"extracts":[108],"high-level":[109],"features":[110],"both":[112],"spatial":[113],"temporal":[115],"domains.":[116],"Leveraging":[117],"parallel":[119],"attention":[120],"deep":[122],"learning":[123],"model,":[124],"our":[125],"can":[127,178],"discriminate":[128],"different":[129],"motions":[130],"accurately":[133],"robustly":[135],"situations.":[138],"We":[139],"implemented":[140],"prototype":[142],"collected":[145],"25":[148],"more":[151],"than":[152],"2":[153,197],"months.":[154],"Extensive":[155],"experiments":[156],"demonstrate":[157],"93.4":[161],"<inline-formula><tex-math":[162,169],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\%$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[163,170],"accuracy":[166,187],"91.5":[168],"identification":[172],"accuracy,":[173],"respectively.":[174],"particular,":[176],"also":[179],"tackle":[180],"multiple":[181],"scenarios,":[183],"which":[184],"has":[185],"little":[186],"reduction":[188],"when":[189],"are":[192],"separated,":[193],"e.g.,":[194],"around":[196],"meters.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}