{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4211007339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2022.3150401","title":"WAVE: Edge-Device Cooperated Real-Time Object Detection for Open-Air Applications","display_name":"WAVE: Edge-Device Cooperated Real-Time Object Detection for Open-Air Applications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4211007339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2022.3150401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2022.3150401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2022.3150401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100342724","display_name":"Liang Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4748-9491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061103594","display_name":"Zheng Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4048-2684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000791743","display_name":"Xinjun Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3468-9403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinjun Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008230177","display_name":"Yi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6299-4133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100612719","display_name":"Qiang Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4196-4434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100729110","display_name":"Xin Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5442-7486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software and BNRist, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100342724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4533,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92666914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"7","first_page":"4347","last_page":"4357"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7428050637245178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upload","display_name":"Upload","score":0.5316914319992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5125765204429626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.14464500546455383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7428050637245178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.5316914319992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5125765204429626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14464500546455383}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2022.3150401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2022.3150401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1733806262","https://openalex.org/W1997334523","https://openalex.org/W2005500027","https://openalex.org/W2029016069","https://openalex.org/W2030265202","https://openalex.org/W2118217749","https://openalex.org/W2128810582","https://openalex.org/W2130329024","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2140196014","https://openalex.org/W2154889144","https://openalex.org/W2188440275","https://openalex.org/W2521876175","https://openalex.org/W2557728737","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2594560857","https://openalex.org/W2621360686","https://openalex.org/W2751904527","https://openalex.org/W2752628213","https://openalex.org/W2783495847","https://openalex.org/W2788124513","https://openalex.org/W2792220137","https://openalex.org/W2944165510","https://openalex.org/W2962845546","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2965289829","https://openalex.org/W2982083293","https://openalex.org/W2990792015","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3046754651","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3130911179","https://openalex.org/W4288327876","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W6686960784","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6762082143","https://openalex.org/W6764045775","https://openalex.org/W6785652829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2944823289","https://openalex.org/W3037018281","https://openalex.org/W2972592048","https://openalex.org/W2358319515","https://openalex.org/W4321854979","https://openalex.org/W2003209439","https://openalex.org/W2497626292","https://openalex.org/W4312214821","https://openalex.org/W4361862506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"CNN":[0],"based":[1],"real-time":[2,40,157],"object":[3,41,140,158],"detection":[4,42,141,159],"can":[5,49],"facilitate":[6],"various":[7],"AI":[8,67,144],"applications":[9],"that":[10,150],"need":[11],"to":[12,32,53,127],"understand":[13],"the":[14,33,69,82,94],"surroundings":[15],"via":[16],"camera,":[17],"such":[18],"as":[19,73],"autonomous":[20],"package":[21],"delivery":[22],"robots,":[23],"augmented":[24],"reality,":[25],"and":[26,101,120,136,160,163],"intelligent":[27],"drone":[28],"applications.":[29,145],"Currently,":[30],"due":[31],"high":[34],"computation":[35],"cost":[36],"of":[37,85],"CNN,":[38],"accurate":[39],"is":[43],"only":[44],"possible":[45],"when":[46],"mobile":[47,98],"devices":[48],"upload":[50],"video":[51],"frames":[52],"powerful":[54],"edge":[55],"servers":[56],"through":[57],"high-speed":[58],"wireless":[59],"networks":[60,100],"like":[61],"WiFi.":[62],"However,":[63],"for":[64,142],"many":[65],"open-air":[66,143],"applications,":[68],"network":[70,83],"conditions":[71],"(such":[72],"cellular":[74],"networks)":[75],"are":[76,108],"usually":[77],"unfavorable,":[78],"far":[79],"from":[80],"satisfying":[81],"demands":[84],"state-of-the-art":[86,166],"systems.":[87,167],"In":[88],"this":[89],"paper,":[90],"we":[91],"focus":[92],"on":[93],"challenges":[95],"incurred":[96],"by":[97],"communication":[99],"propose":[102],"WAVEcontaining":[103],"three":[104],"novel":[105],"techniques,":[106],"which":[107],"<italic":[109,115,121,129,133,137],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[110,116,122,130,134,138],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Deep":[111],"RoI":[112],"Encoding</i>":[113],",":[114,126,132],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Prioritized":[117],"Parallel":[118],"Offloading</i>":[119],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Fine-grained":[123],"Offloading":[124],"Strategy</i>":[125],"realize":[128],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">real-time</i>":[131],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">robust</i>":[135],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">low-cost</i>":[139],"The":[146],"experimental":[147],"results":[148],"show":[149],"under":[151],"LTE":[152],"networks,":[153],"WAVE":[154],"realizes":[155],"high-accuracy":[156],"face":[161],"recognition":[162],"significantly":[164],"outperforms":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}