{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3191285543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2021.3097912","title":"RF-Badge: Vital Sign-Based Authentication via RFID Tag Array on Badges","display_name":"RF-Badge: Vital Sign-Based Authentication via RFID Tag Array on Badges","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3191285543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2021.3097912","mag":"3191285543"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2021.3097912","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2021.3097912","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020613012","display_name":"Jingyi Ning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5075-8512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jingyi Ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100365442","display_name":"Lei Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2994-6743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065806203","display_name":"Chuyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1479-9023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077407278","display_name":"Yanling Bu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8207-1125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanling Bu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114549816","display_name":"Fengyuan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3388-7544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengyuan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100655948","display_name":"Da-Wei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7226-7773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Da-Wei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043533769","display_name":"Sanglu Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1467-4519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanglu Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087746903","display_name":"Baoliu Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1065-449X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baoliu Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020613012"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9592,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96298065,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":"1170","last_page":"1184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7397276759147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6313748359680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6062915325164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5859487056732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.5617215633392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.46174317598342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.44168123602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41875749826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3269464075565338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3037886917591095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10531485080718994}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7397276759147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6313748359680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6062915325164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5859487056732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5617215633392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.46174317598342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.44168123602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41875749826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3269464075565338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3037886917591095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10531485080718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2021.3097912","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2021.3097912","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1383541264","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BE2017152","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327777","funder_display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2475758149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61832005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2869047867","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872174","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3267722479","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61832008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6395314550","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20190293","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7070791878","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BE2018116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327777","funder_display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7178818889","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7639034176","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20180325","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8038828209","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G932960369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327777","display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516341874","https://openalex.org/W1519268598","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1546401409","https://openalex.org/W1933905024","https://openalex.org/W1985106459","https://openalex.org/W2025131331","https://openalex.org/W2062089423","https://openalex.org/W2102527879","https://openalex.org/W2108665278","https://openalex.org/W2315768946","https://openalex.org/W2334995621","https://openalex.org/W2340393436","https://openalex.org/W2517331439","https://openalex.org/W2575585029","https://openalex.org/W2605024226","https://openalex.org/W2625969058","https://openalex.org/W2762561030","https://openalex.org/W2765636281","https://openalex.org/W2768503474","https://openalex.org/W2791862000","https://openalex.org/W2793109616","https://openalex.org/W2809882279","https://openalex.org/W2863119652","https://openalex.org/W2890276013","https://openalex.org/W2890300891","https://openalex.org/W2897688655","https://openalex.org/W2902804294","https://openalex.org/W2911233953","https://openalex.org/W2918021868","https://openalex.org/W2919076405","https://openalex.org/W2951188230","https://openalex.org/W3003850239","https://openalex.org/W3047500546","https://openalex.org/W3160407923","https://openalex.org/W3177034761","https://openalex.org/W4252725832","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6685038319","https://openalex.org/W6719804167"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W2095239294","https://openalex.org/W3147744369","https://openalex.org/W2062586268","https://openalex.org/W2019582947","https://openalex.org/W3212688212","https://openalex.org/W4300873085","https://openalex.org/W3104966193"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nowadays,":[0],"authentication":[1,25,186],"systems":[2],"are":[3],"usually":[4],"required":[5],"to":[6,30,47,86,122,140],"provide":[7],"continuous,":[8],"contactless,":[9],"and":[10,62,114,152,176],"non-intrusive":[11],"services.":[12],"In":[13],"this":[14],"paper,":[15],"we":[16,80,105,134],"propose":[17,135],"<italic":[18,56,64],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[19,57,65],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">RF-Badge</i>":[20],",":[21],"a":[22,82,136,149],"vital":[23,50],"sign-based":[24],"scheme":[26],"on":[27],"human":[28,102],"subjects":[29],"meet":[31],"the":[32,49,55,63,71,75,88,94,98,107,111,116,119,125,143,154,167],"above":[33],"requirements":[34],"by":[35],"using":[36],"RFID":[37],"technology.":[38],"We":[39,147],"consider":[40],"two":[41],"biometric":[42],"features":[43],"with":[44,124],"individual":[45],"diversity":[46],"characterize":[48],"sign":[51],"of":[52,132,145,173,181],"users,":[53,133],"including":[54],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">movement":[58],"effect</i>":[59,67],"from":[60,68,78,101,110],"respiration":[61],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">reflection":[66],"organs,":[69,104],"especially":[70],"heart.":[72],"To":[73,96],"derive":[74,97],"movement":[76],"effect":[77,100],"respiration,":[79],"build":[81],"phase-based":[83],"geometric":[84],"model":[85],"restore":[87],"fine-grained":[89],"badge":[90],"moving":[91],"trace":[92],"as":[93,118],"feature.":[95,120],"reflection":[99,108],"internal":[103],"extract":[106],"signal":[109,113,189],"original":[112],"generate":[115],"spectrum":[117],"Besides,":[121],"deal":[123],"feature":[126],"deviation":[127],"in":[128,156],"different":[129],"physical":[130],"conditions":[131],"multi-condition":[137],"network":[138],"(MCNet)":[139],"further":[141],"guarantee":[142],"generalization":[144],"RF-Badge.":[146],"implement":[148],"prototype":[150],"system":[151,165],"evaluate":[153],"performance":[155],"real":[157],"environments.":[158],"The":[159],"experiment":[160],"results":[161],"show":[162],"that":[163],"our":[164],"achieves":[166],"average":[168],"false":[169,177],"positive":[170],"rate":[171,179],"(FPR)":[172],"3.9":[174],"percent":[175,183],"negative":[178],"(FNR)":[180],"3.3":[182],"for":[184],"continuous":[185],"within":[187],"four":[188],"cycles.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}