{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3159790730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2021.3077533","title":"On Goodness of WiFi Based Monitoring of Sleep Vital Signs in the Wild","display_name":"On Goodness of WiFi Based Monitoring of Sleep Vital Signs in the Wild","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3159790730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2021.3077533","mag":"3159790730"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2021.3077533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2021.3077533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019465951","display_name":"Kamran Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6758-4061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118136607","display_name":"General Motors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05addee68","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamran Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Motors Research & Development, Warren, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6758-4061","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Motors Research & Development, Warren, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074468932","display_name":"Mohammed Alloulah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3724-7333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Alloulah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053438231","display_name":"Fahim Kawsar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5057-9557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738502077","display_name":"Nokia (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pkc8m17","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahim Kawsar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5057-9557","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008787905","display_name":"Alex X. Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6916-1326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex X. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6916-1326","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, Shandong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6133,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8187373,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"341","last_page":"355"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.776116132736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.551487386226654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-subspace","display_name":"Signal subspace","score":0.5091156363487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4666087031364441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.45375773310661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.45006194710731506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.43928664922714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4355491101741791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.42081063985824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39061272144317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3774956464767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.2596880793571472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23002585768699646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.776116132736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.551487386226654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777121530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512739","display_name":"Signal subspace","level":4,"score":0.5091156363487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4666087031364441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.45375773310661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.45006194710731506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.43928664922714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4355491101741791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.42081063985824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39061272144317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3774956464767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2596880793571472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23002585768699646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2021.3077533","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2021.3077533","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72748393","https://openalex.org/W156595367","https://openalex.org/W1277966809","https://openalex.org/W1969428773","https://openalex.org/W1971910057","https://openalex.org/W1977649253","https://openalex.org/W1977986674","https://openalex.org/W1984584418","https://openalex.org/W1989259731","https://openalex.org/W2005666490","https://openalex.org/W2008821584","https://openalex.org/W2013069065","https://openalex.org/W2019447905","https://openalex.org/W2022839057","https://openalex.org/W2046988636","https://openalex.org/W2053869223","https://openalex.org/W2055483942","https://openalex.org/W2055757722","https://openalex.org/W2065726711","https://openalex.org/W2088149543","https://openalex.org/W2089695767","https://openalex.org/W2097385426","https://openalex.org/W2117478831","https://openalex.org/W2123418885","https://openalex.org/W2134843489","https://openalex.org/W2137348941","https://openalex.org/W2161334131","https://openalex.org/W2164732127","https://openalex.org/W2167871573","https://openalex.org/W2471074815","https://openalex.org/W2507908806","https://openalex.org/W2590532045","https://openalex.org/W2740222873","https://openalex.org/W2756058504","https://openalex.org/W2769972476","https://openalex.org/W2794658983","https://openalex.org/W2835408549","https://openalex.org/W2895880589","https://openalex.org/W2897973323","https://openalex.org/W2918956281","https://openalex.org/W3035511470","https://openalex.org/W6734206814","https://openalex.org/W6741771580"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977989201","https://openalex.org/W59522918","https://openalex.org/W2970101662","https://openalex.org/W4200413326","https://openalex.org/W2913092982","https://openalex.org/W2153912708","https://openalex.org/W4200111352","https://openalex.org/W2161327631","https://openalex.org/W2097424167","https://openalex.org/W2096714297"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"WiFi":[0,32,66,81,123],"channel":[1],"state":[2],"information":[3],"(CSI)":[4],"has":[5],"emerged":[6],"as":[7,22],"a":[8,23,35,59,98,134,151,157,174],"plausible":[9],"modality":[10],"for":[11],"sensing":[12],"different":[13],"human":[14,69,90],"vital":[15],"signs,":[16],"i.e.,":[17],"respiration":[18,70,91,118,135],"and":[19,71,84,92,107,113,119,149,195],"body":[20,72,93,120],"motion,":[21],"function":[24],"of":[25,39,65,100,117,160,170,186],"modulated":[26,88],"wireless":[27],"signals":[28,67],"that":[29,110,138,200],"travel":[30],"between":[31],"devices.":[33],"Although":[34],"remarkable":[36],"proposition,":[37],"most":[38],"the":[40,63,75,80,115,140,145,168,201],"existing":[41],"research":[42],"in":[43,74,126,144,173],"this":[44,55,127],"space":[45],"struggles":[46],"to":[47,208],"withstand":[48],"robust":[49],"performance":[50,207],"beyond":[51],"experimental":[52],"conditions.":[53],"To":[54],"end,":[56],"we":[57,129,165],"take":[58],"careful":[60],"look":[61],"at":[62],"dynamics":[64,116,142],"under":[68],"motions":[73,121],"wild.":[76],"We":[77,95],"first":[78],"characterize":[79],"signal":[82,85,147,162],"components\u2014multipath":[83],"subspace\u2014that":[86],"are":[87],"by":[89],"motions.":[94],"extrapolate":[96],"on":[97,122,167],"set":[99],"transformations,":[101],"including":[102],"first-order":[103],"differentiation,":[104],"max-min":[105],"normalization":[106],"component":[108],"projections,":[109],"faithfully":[111],"explains":[112],"quantifies":[114],"signals.":[124],"Grounded":[125],"characterization,":[128],"propose":[130],"two":[131],"methods:":[132],"1)":[133],"tracking":[136,153],"technique":[137,154],"models":[139],"peak":[141],"observed":[143],"time-varying":[146],"subspace":[148],"2)":[150],"body-motion":[152],"built":[155],"with":[156,182],"multi-dimensional":[158],"clustering":[159],"evolving":[161],"subspace.":[163],"Finally,":[164],"reflect":[166],"manifestation":[169],"these":[171],"techniques":[172,203],"practical":[175],"sleep":[176],"monitoring":[177],"application.":[178],"Our":[179],"systematic":[180],"evaluation":[181],"over":[183],"550":[184],"hours":[185],"data":[187],"from":[188],"5":[189],"users":[190],"covering":[191],"both":[192],"line-of-sight":[193],"(LOS)":[194],"non-line-of-sight":[196],"(NLOS)":[197],"settings":[198],"shows":[199],"proposed":[202],"can":[204],"achieve":[205],"comparable":[206],"purpose-built":[209],"pulse-Doppler":[210],"radar.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}