{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3156590018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2021.3072598","title":"MagAuth: Secure and Usable Two-Factor Authentication With Magnetic Wrist Wearables","display_name":"MagAuth: Secure and Usable Two-Factor Authentication With Magnetic Wrist Wearables","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3156590018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2021.3072598","mag":"3156590018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2021.3072598","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2021.3072598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100754828","display_name":"Yan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8691-1267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077785541","display_name":"Dianqi Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0105-5869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dianqi Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413646","display_name":"Ang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0298-9329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100461179","display_name":"Lili Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3539-7605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lili Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455316","display_name":"Tao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5333-0586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135191193","display_name":"University of Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/052133d12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135191193"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55769427","display_name":"Indiana University \u2013 Purdue University Indianapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxnyn08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55769427","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer and Information Technology Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer and Information Technology Department, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135191193","https://openalex.org/I55769427"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100615703","display_name":"Yanchao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0137-0922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanchao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100754828"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9279,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88290972,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"311","last_page":"327"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7991437911987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.758527398109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/touchscreen","display_name":"Touchscreen","score":0.6778535842895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.6437591314315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.6303691864013672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.6010814309120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5549373626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-factor-authentication","display_name":"Multi-factor authentication","score":0.4929158687591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.48686662316322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.46816039085388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.4543347954750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3190470039844513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication-protocol","display_name":"Authentication protocol","score":0.2895768880844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.1736907660961151}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7991437911987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.758527398109436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778539339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165970","display_name":"Touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.6778535842895508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.6437591314315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.6303691864013672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6010814309120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5549373626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194699767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7878662","display_name":"Multi-factor authentication","level":4,"score":0.4929158687591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.48686662316322327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.46816039085388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.4543347954750061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3190470039844513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21564112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825885","display_name":"Authentication protocol","level":3,"score":0.2895768880844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.1736907660961151}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2021.3072598","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2021.3072598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4242131776","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1824355","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5204052596","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1619251","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5564734857","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-2055751","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8510609703","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1933069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604275567","https://openalex.org/W1964160137","https://openalex.org/W1976303564","https://openalex.org/W1988430201","https://openalex.org/W2016316078","https://openalex.org/W2048755632","https://openalex.org/W2052879222","https://openalex.org/W2077910711","https://openalex.org/W2097332559","https://openalex.org/W2113580342","https://openalex.org/W2113925088","https://openalex.org/W2154346544","https://openalex.org/W2283047687","https://openalex.org/W2318352171","https://openalex.org/W2345396517","https://openalex.org/W2402746099","https://openalex.org/W2480074974","https://openalex.org/W2559813380","https://openalex.org/W2610433660","https://openalex.org/W2668140649","https://openalex.org/W2762673102","https://openalex.org/W2766717877","https://openalex.org/W2791862028","https://openalex.org/W2807428430","https://openalex.org/W2815179476","https://openalex.org/W2915409910","https://openalex.org/W2919530125","https://openalex.org/W2948212865","https://openalex.org/W2969913243","https://openalex.org/W2983060509","https://openalex.org/W3015637082","https://openalex.org/W3021574417","https://openalex.org/W3033804066","https://openalex.org/W3086312460","https://openalex.org/W6713355746"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3005901333","https://openalex.org/W3203742087","https://openalex.org/W3007105892","https://openalex.org/W2063688492","https://openalex.org/W40612354","https://openalex.org/W2136601479","https://openalex.org/W2046176688","https://openalex.org/W2181589853","https://openalex.org/W2783875446","https://openalex.org/W2542959831"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Secure":[0],"and":[1,38,57,108,150,166],"usable":[2,39],"user":[3,69,129,144],"authentication":[4,27,41,61,106,138],"is":[5,93,180],"the":[6,25,31,55,86,89,104,109,115,125,147],"first":[7,105],"line":[8],"of":[9,59,152],"defense":[10],"against":[11],"cyber":[12],"attacks":[13],"on":[14,30],"smart":[15],"end-user":[16],"devices.":[17,65],"Advanced":[18],"hacking":[19],"techniques":[20],"pose":[21],"severe":[22],"threats":[23],"to":[24,53,124,163,183],"traditional":[26],"systems":[28],"based":[29],"password/PIN/fingerprint.":[32],"We":[33],"propose":[34],"MagAuth,":[35,67],"a":[36,68,71,167],"secure":[37],"two-factor":[40],"scheme":[42],"with":[43,49,85],"commercial":[44],"off-the-shelf":[45],"(COTS)":[46],"wrist":[47,91],"wearables":[48],"magnetic":[50,90,116],"strap":[51],"bands":[52],"enhance":[54],"security":[56,149],"usability":[58,151],"password-based":[60],"for":[62],"mobile":[63],"touchscreen":[64,80,133],"In":[66,154],"enrolls":[70],"self-chosen":[72],"unlock":[73,97,131],"pattern":[74,98],"or":[75,99],"touch":[76,100],"gesture":[77,101],"into":[78],"his":[79,120,132],"device":[81,134],"by":[82],"performing":[83],"it":[84],"same":[87],"hand":[88],"wearable":[92],"on.":[94],"The":[95,128],"chosen":[96],"serves":[102],"as":[103],"factor,":[107],"user\u2019s":[110],"behavioral":[111],"features":[112],"manifested":[113],"in":[114],"field":[117],"changes":[118],"during":[119],"finger":[121],"movement":[122],"correspond":[123],"second":[126],"factor.":[127],"can":[130,140],"only":[135],"when":[136],"both":[137],"factors":[139],"be":[141],"validated.":[142],"Comprehensive":[143],"experiments":[145],"confirm":[146],"high":[148],"MagAuth.":[153],"particular,":[155],"MagAuth":[156,179],"achieves":[157],"an":[158],"average":[159],"true-positive":[160],"rate":[161,169],"up":[162],"96.3":[164],"percent":[165],"false-positive":[168],"no":[170],"larger":[171],"than":[172],"8.4":[173],"percent.":[174],"Moreover,":[175],"we":[176],"show":[177],"that":[178],"highly":[181],"resilient":[182],"various":[184],"attacks.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}