{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3134215411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2021.3064466","title":"Radio Frequency Fingerprinting on the Edge","display_name":"Radio Frequency Fingerprinting on the Edge","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3134215411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2021.3064466","mag":"3134215411"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2021.3064466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2021.3064466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018084268","display_name":"Tong Jian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3886-1909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Jian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3886-1909","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101928537","display_name":"Yifan Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3912-097X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037655503","display_name":"Zheng Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3882-5484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027887058","display_name":"Runbin Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4901-5476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runbin Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4901-5476","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038366215","display_name":"Nasim Soltani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8709-653X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasim Soltani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8709-653X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733697","display_name":"Zifeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0068-9042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zifeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0068-9042","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042038501","display_name":"Jennifer Dy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8430-134X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Dy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080483470","display_name":"Kaushik Chowdhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3570-2622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaushik Chowdhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100651384","display_name":"Yanzhi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3024-7990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanzhi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3024-7990","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049931304","display_name":"Stratis Ioannidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8355-4751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stratis Ioannidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8355-4751","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7372,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96607896,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"11","first_page":"4078","last_page":"4093"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7204235792160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6530921459197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.5885813236236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5136034488677979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.510026752948761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4209001362323761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36952081322669983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.24012181162834167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.23494306206703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21371912956237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1848803162574768}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7204235792160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6530921459197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.5885813236236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5136034488677979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.510026752948761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4209001362323761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36952081322669983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.24012181162834167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.23494306206703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21371912956237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1848803162574768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2021.3064466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2021.3064466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6954199439","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1923789","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7197762934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1937500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":107,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1935978687","https://openalex.org/W1964032314","https://openalex.org/W1979740015","https://openalex.org/W1980668046","https://openalex.org/W1987867688","https://openalex.org/W2012166391","https://openalex.org/W2015469704","https://openalex.org/W2073061372","https://openalex.org/W2080063509","https://openalex.org/W2094756095","https://openalex.org/W2112338171","https://openalex.org/W2115627867","https://openalex.org/W2143823686","https://openalex.org/W2145732734","https://openalex.org/W2155886813","https://openalex.org/W2164278908","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2334995621","https://openalex.org/W2467825424","https://openalex.org/W2468875367","https://openalex.org/W2538482053","https://openalex.org/W2596142952","https://openalex.org/W2605135468","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2625457103","https://openalex.org/W2626129225","https://openalex.org/W2657126969","https://openalex.org/W2737492962","https://openalex.org/W2765315405","https://openalex.org/W2771253733","https://openalex.org/W2791256362","https://openalex.org/W2798170643","https://openalex.org/W2804032941","https://openalex.org/W2807830168","https://openalex.org/W2860338957","https://openalex.org/W2884180697","https://openalex.org/W2889741439","https://openalex.org/W2894094671","https://openalex.org/W2895540242","https://openalex.org/W2896409484","https://openalex.org/W2897824775","https://openalex.org/W2899303916","https://openalex.org/W2901774292","https://openalex.org/W2903139904","https://openalex.org/W2907410281","https://openalex.org/W2921495890","https://openalex.org/W2937290901","https://openalex.org/W2938144699","https://openalex.org/W2941859556","https://openalex.org/W2945528222","https://openalex.org/W2945886900","https://openalex.org/W2951542991","https://openalex.org/W2962818002","https://openalex.org/W2962851801","https://openalex.org/W2962897380","https://openalex.org/W2962965870","https://openalex.org/W2963000224","https://openalex.org/W2963094099","https://openalex.org/W2963363373","https://openalex.org/W2963452728","https://openalex.org/W2963540014","https://openalex.org/W2963694111","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964233199","https://openalex.org/W2964266063","https://openalex.org/W2967094746","https://openalex.org/W2979411809","https://openalex.org/W2982791125","https://openalex.org/W2991232789","https://openalex.org/W2993792611","https://openalex.org/W2994792572","https://openalex.org/W2995089893","https://openalex.org/W2996874060","https://openalex.org/W2997768846","https://openalex.org/W3004397539","https://openalex.org/W3015448029","https://openalex.org/W3047279638","https://openalex.org/W3095910127","https://openalex.org/W3104263540","https://openalex.org/W3104849992","https://openalex.org/W3111521360","https://openalex.org/W3113256917","https://openalex.org/W3128098768","https://openalex.org/W4236868170","https://openalex.org/W4244330903","https://openalex.org/W4246193833","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6692147582","https://openalex.org/W6726275242","https://openalex.org/W6729471031","https://openalex.org/W6738957339","https://openalex.org/W6741217325","https://openalex.org/W6742852309","https://openalex.org/W6743188669","https://openalex.org/W6746329835","https://openalex.org/W6751349269","https://openalex.org/W6753929555","https://openalex.org/W6755034786","https://openalex.org/W6755843862","https://openalex.org/W6756046763","https://openalex.org/W6756331354","https://openalex.org/W6762840122"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4225949190","https://openalex.org/W2748454020","https://openalex.org/W2995926156","https://openalex.org/W3119610945","https://openalex.org/W3181746755","https://openalex.org/W3035662153","https://openalex.org/W4376106090","https://openalex.org/W3034754805","https://openalex.org/W4312641555","https://openalex.org/W4290043210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1,164],"methods":[2],"have":[3],"been":[4],"very":[5],"successful":[6],"at":[7,27],"radio":[8,23,142],"frequency":[9,24,143],"fingerprinting":[10,25],"tasks,":[11],"predicting":[12],"the":[13,69,98,104,111,125,132,136,157],"identity":[14],"of":[15,71,127,138,155],"transmitting":[16],"devices":[17],"with":[18,161],"high":[19,109],"accuracy.":[20],"We":[21,31,47,67],"study":[22],"deployments":[26],"resource-constrained":[28],"edge":[29,44,76],"devices.":[30],"use":[32],"structured":[33],"pruning":[34],"to":[35,43,134],"jointly":[36],"train":[37],"and":[38,85,100],"sparsify":[39],"neural":[40],"networks":[41,140],"tailored":[42],"hardware":[45,77],"implementations.":[46],"compress":[48],"convolutional":[49],"layers":[50],"by":[51],"a":[52,58,80,86,121,153],"<inline-formula><tex-math":[53,95,101,116],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$27.2\\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[54],"factor":[55],"while":[56],"incurring":[57],"negligible":[59],"prediction":[60],"accuracy":[61],"decrease":[62],"(less":[63],"than":[64,119],"1":[65],"percent).":[66],"demonstrate":[68],"efficacy":[70],"our":[72,128,147],"approach":[73],"over":[74],"multiple":[75],"platforms,":[78],"including":[79],"Samsung":[81],"Gallaxy":[82],"S10":[83],"phone":[84],"Xilinx-ZCU104":[87],"FPGA.":[88],"Our":[89],"method":[90],"yields":[91],"significant":[92],"inference":[93],"speedups,":[94],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$11.5\\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[96],"on":[97,103],"FPGA":[99,112],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$3\\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[102],"smartphone,":[105],"as":[106,108,145,152],"well":[107],"efficiency:":[110],"processing":[113],"time":[114],"is":[115],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$17\\times$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[117],"smaller":[118],"in":[120],"V100":[122],"GPU.":[123],"To":[124],"best":[126],"knowledge,":[129],"we":[130],"are":[131],"first":[133],"explore":[135],"possibility":[137],"compressing":[139],"for":[141],"fingerprinting;":[144],"such,":[146],"experiments":[148],"can":[149],"be":[150],"seen":[151],"means":[154],"characterizing":[156],"informational":[158],"capacity":[159],"associated":[160],"this":[162],"specific":[163],"task.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}