{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3041931140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2020.3008315","title":"Say No to Price Discrimination: Decentralized and Automated Incentives for Price Auditing in Ride-Hailing Services","display_name":"Say No to Price Discrimination: Decentralized and Automated Incentives for Price Auditing in Ride-Hailing Services","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3041931140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2020.3008315","mag":"3041931140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2020.3008315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2020.3008315","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7755/9674216/09137390.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7755/9674216/09137390.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082091466","display_name":"Youshui Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6598-7606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Youshui Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6598-7606","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023228402","display_name":"Yong Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7682-5653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7682-5653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021497508","display_name":"Saiyu Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0394-4432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saiyu Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0394-4432","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100387863","display_name":"Yue Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3960-3450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","ror":"https://ror.org/008xxew50","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands","Risk Modelling Department, ABN AMRO Bank N.V, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Risk Modelling Department, ABN AMRO Bank N.V, The Netherlands","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024344858","display_name":"Hongyu Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyu Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100366687","display_name":"Yuhao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7281-2126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082091466"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0105,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95737973,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"663","last_page":"680"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11161","display_name":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.7477303743362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit","display_name":"Audit","score":0.617556095123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5730569362640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/price-discrimination","display_name":"Price discrimination","score":0.44700998067855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3798244297504425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.34685778617858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.24324321746826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.17769181728363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.14940989017486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.12135997414588928}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.7477303743362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.617556095123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5730569362640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101472132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835678","display_name":"Price discrimination","level":2,"score":0.44700998067855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3798244297504425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.34685778617858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.24324321746826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.17769181728363037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.14940989017486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12135997414588928}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2020.3008315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2020.3008315","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7755/9674216/09137390.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:openaire/ea8dd9fb-df32-4b4a-b341-e1eface077cf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/ea8dd9fb-df32-4b4a-b341-e1eface077cf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lu, Y, Qi, Y, Qi, S, Li, Y, Song, H & Liu, Y 2022, 'Say No to Price Discrimination: Decentralized and Automated Incentives for Price Auditing in Ride-hailing Services', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 663-680. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2020.3008315","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/ea8dd9fb-df32-4b4a-b341-e1eface077cf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1871.1/ea8dd9fb-df32-4b4a-b341-e1eface077cf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401107","display_name":"VU Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I865915315","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I865915315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Lu, Y, Qi, Y, Qi, S, Li, Y, Song, H & Liu, Y 2022, 'Say No to Price Discrimination: Decentralized and Automated Incentives for Price Auditing in Ride-hailing Services', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 663-680. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2020.3008315","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:vu:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/9e4a1a3e-e4ed-482e-882d-72ee1cef4cb6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/9e4a1a3e-e4ed-482e-882d-72ee1cef4cb6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 21(2), 663 - 680. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2020.3008315","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2020.3008315","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/7755/9674216/09137390.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1138735307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61672412","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2119031004","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61602363","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2171167971","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1402700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8202158061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1402700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3041931140.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3041931140.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W569258332","https://openalex.org/W1589259707","https://openalex.org/W1748507986","https://openalex.org/W2044721700","https://openalex.org/W2072633088","https://openalex.org/W2114579022","https://openalex.org/W2122801948","https://openalex.org/W2140237693","https://openalex.org/W2173162581","https://openalex.org/W2499402371","https://openalex.org/W2566758857","https://openalex.org/W2688317400","https://openalex.org/W2736191408","https://openalex.org/W2763398287","https://openalex.org/W2775476012","https://openalex.org/W2794533297","https://openalex.org/W2805544553","https://openalex.org/W2901076851","https://openalex.org/W2902423412","https://openalex.org/W2913353093","https://openalex.org/W2944858588","https://openalex.org/W2946701076","https://openalex.org/W2956989650","https://openalex.org/W2964968910","https://openalex.org/W2984693664","https://openalex.org/W2997254578","https://openalex.org/W2997729246","https://openalex.org/W3031209802","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4249319131","https://openalex.org/W6637921047","https://openalex.org/W6641237832","https://openalex.org/W6651461439","https://openalex.org/W6678218996","https://openalex.org/W6728824368","https://openalex.org/W6737686283","https://openalex.org/W6793285265"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2367468089","https://openalex.org/W2358591856","https://openalex.org/W2098133976","https://openalex.org/W2347416728","https://openalex.org/W2468219149","https://openalex.org/W2974100988","https://openalex.org/W2215702767","https://openalex.org/W4388137405","https://openalex.org/W1986097177"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,6,44,84,94,109,112],"most":[2],"successful":[3],"application":[4],"of":[5,17,86,96],"sharing":[7],"economy,":[8],"ride-hailing":[9,97],"service":[10,23,98],"is":[11,142,181],"popular":[12],"worldwide":[13],"and":[14,117,144,161,172],"serves":[15],"millions":[16],"users":[18,121],"per":[19],"day":[20],"worldwide.":[21],"Ride-hailing":[22],"providers":[24],"(SPs)":[25],"usually":[26],"collect":[27],"users\u2019":[28],"personal":[29],"data":[30,37,47,160],"to":[31,48,52,76,108,168],"improve":[32],"their":[33],"services":[34],"via":[35],"big":[36],"technologies.":[38],"However,":[39],"SPs":[40,116],"may":[41],"also":[42,118],"use":[43],"collected":[45],"user":[46,75,159],"apply":[49],"personalized":[50],"prices":[51],"different":[53],"users,":[54],"which":[55,141],"raises":[56],"price":[57,67,95,138,174],"fairness":[58],"concerns.":[59],"In":[60],"this":[61],"paper,":[62],"we":[63,134,162],"propose":[64],"a":[65,74,136,148],"smart":[66,132],"auditing":[68,110,139,175],"system":[69,140],"named":[70],"Spas.":[71],"Spas":[72,164],"allows":[73],"purchase":[77],"<italic":[78,87],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[79,88],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Fair":[80],"Price":[81],"Insurance</i>":[82],"in":[83,165],"form":[85],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Price":[89],"Auditing":[90],"Contract</i>":[91],",":[92],"then":[93],"(RHS)":[99],"order":[100],"will":[101],"be":[102],"audited":[103],"automatically":[104],"once":[105],"completed.":[106],"According":[107],"result,":[111],"contract":[113],"punishes":[114],"misbehaving":[115],"compensates":[119],"affected":[120],"automatically.":[122],"By":[123],"replacing":[124],"an":[125],"untrustworthy":[126],"centralized":[127],"auditor":[128],"with":[129,178],"carefully":[130],"designed":[131],"contracts,":[133],"construct":[135],"decentralized":[137],"trustworthy":[143],"transparent.":[145],"We":[146],"demonstrate":[147],"theoretical":[149],"model":[150],"for":[151,176],"practical":[152],"payment":[153],"flows":[154],"based":[155],"on":[156],"real":[157],"RHS":[158,177],"implement":[163],"Hyperledger":[166],"Fabric":[167],"show":[169],"that":[170],"decentralizing":[171],"automating":[173],"financial":[179],"incentives":[180],"technically":[182],"feasible.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
