{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3041682367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2020.3007740","title":"ARSpy: Breaking Location-Based Multi-Player Augmented Reality Application for User Location Tracking","display_name":"ARSpy: Breaking Location-Based Multi-Player Augmented Reality Application for User Location Tracking","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3041682367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2020.3007740","mag":"3041682367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2020.3007740","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2020.3007740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020662666","display_name":"Jiacheng Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3695-0991"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84392919","display_name":"Temple University","ror":"https://ror.org/00kx1jb78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiacheng Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","[CIS, Temple University, 6558 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania United States 19122-6008 (e-mail: jiacheng.shang@temple.edu)]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3695-0991","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[CIS, Temple University, 6558 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania United States 19122-6008 (e-mail: jiacheng.shang@temple.edu)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084990584","display_name":"Si Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7117-4783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161171246","display_name":"West Chester University","ror":"https://ror.org/0053n5071","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161171246"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Si Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7117-4783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161171246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100600528","display_name":"Jie Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-1717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84392919","display_name":"Temple University","ror":"https://ror.org/00kx1jb78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","[Computer & Information Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, (e-mail: jiewu@temple.edu)]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3472-1717","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Computer & Information Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, (e-mail: jiewu@temple.edu)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047865361","display_name":"Shu Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-1790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China","[School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 387433 Shanghai, Shanghai China 201210 (e-mail: yinshu@shanghaitech.edu.cn)]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-1790","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 387433 Shanghai, Shanghai China 201210 (e-mail: yinshu@shanghaitech.edu.cn)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0252,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9379737,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"433","last_page":"447"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8484473824501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geolocation","display_name":"Geolocation","score":0.8279707431793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.7063761949539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5454067587852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overlay","display_name":"Overlay","score":0.5335935354232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4694119393825531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/location-based-service","display_name":"Location-based service","score":0.4375019669532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.42860424518585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-contextual-awareness","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","score":0.42052823305130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3214375376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.20455050468444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.17826810479164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15403211116790771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08787742257118225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8484473824501038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22041718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638949","display_name":"Geolocation","level":2,"score":0.8279707431793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.7063761949539185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5454067587852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136085584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910289","display_name":"Overlay","level":2,"score":0.5335935354232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4694119393825531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155292070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1198122","display_name":"Location-based service","level":2,"score":0.4375019669532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42860424518585205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64754055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574053","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","level":2,"score":0.42052823305130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3214375376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.20455050468444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.17826810479164124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15403211116790771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08787742257118225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2020.3007740","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2020.3007740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G180297968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS1757533","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2902419814","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS 1651947","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2909810628","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS1824440","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3680189647","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS 1564128","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5367251961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1618398","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5880008509","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1828363","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60795294","https://openalex.org/W197026479","https://openalex.org/W578585133","https://openalex.org/W958011591","https://openalex.org/W1521422460","https://openalex.org/W1537694856","https://openalex.org/W1647671624","https://openalex.org/W1988456504","https://openalex.org/W1994281102","https://openalex.org/W1994367916","https://openalex.org/W2021949962","https://openalex.org/W2045686369","https://openalex.org/W2048702750","https://openalex.org/W2066378707","https://openalex.org/W2088318379","https://openalex.org/W2090394384","https://openalex.org/W2108627835","https://openalex.org/W2115240023","https://openalex.org/W2126075829","https://openalex.org/W2129443413","https://openalex.org/W2134627258","https://openalex.org/W2141854027","https://openalex.org/W2152612780","https://openalex.org/W2162026114","https://openalex.org/W2167266744","https://openalex.org/W2170085959","https://openalex.org/W2258550987","https://openalex.org/W2272516773","https://openalex.org/W2590870085","https://openalex.org/W2609285553","https://openalex.org/W2662647872","https://openalex.org/W2744426405","https://openalex.org/W2766282988","https://openalex.org/W2771408335","https://openalex.org/W2785355036","https://openalex.org/W2786342137","https://openalex.org/W2946752973","https://openalex.org/W2949464457","https://openalex.org/W2969834305","https://openalex.org/W3125253952","https://openalex.org/W4254264166","https://openalex.org/W6636391385","https://openalex.org/W6636915900","https://openalex.org/W6684531041","https://openalex.org/W6743795535"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163194970","https://openalex.org/W2135745297","https://openalex.org/W2098625883","https://openalex.org/W2968687350","https://openalex.org/W2386542727","https://openalex.org/W2898973249","https://openalex.org/W1978311346","https://openalex.org/W2608272989","https://openalex.org/W2556794395","https://openalex.org/W1994322312"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Augmented":[0],"reality":[1],"(AR)":[2],"applications":[3,94,192],"that":[4,156],"overlay":[5],"the":[6,9,18,37,45,64,70,127,140,145,160],"perception":[7],"of":[8,20,49,85,87,126,144,162,204],"real":[10,71],"world":[11,48],"with":[12,98,165],"digitally":[13],"generated":[14],"information":[15,82,125],"are":[16],"on":[17,76,83,122,133,151],"cusp":[19],"commercial":[21,28],"viability.":[22],"AR":[23,56,93,136,191,205],"has":[24],"appeared":[25],"in":[26,187],"several":[27],"platforms":[29],"like":[30],"Microsoft":[31],"HoloLens":[32],"and":[33,43,79,105,129,142,154,193],"smartphones.":[34],"They":[35],"extend":[36],"user":[38,116],"experience":[39],"beyond":[40],"two":[41],"dimensions":[42],"supplement":[44],"normal":[46],"3D":[47],"a":[50,60,88,115,183,196,201],"user.":[51,89],"A":[52],"typical":[53],"location-based":[54,134,189],"multi-player":[55,135,190],"application":[57],"works":[58],"through":[59],"three-step":[61],"process,":[62],"wherein":[63],"system":[65,119],"collects":[66],"sensory":[67],"data":[68,97],"from":[69],"world,":[72],"identifies":[73],"objects":[74],"based":[75,121],"their":[77],"context,":[78],"finally,":[80],"renders":[81],"top":[84],"senses":[86],"However,":[90],"because":[91],"these":[92,176],"frequently":[95],"exchange":[96],"users,":[99],"they":[100],"have":[101],"exposed":[102],"new":[103],"individual":[104],"public":[106],"safety":[107],"issues.":[108],"In":[109],"this":[110],"paper,":[111],"we":[112,130,157],"develop":[113],"ARSpy,":[114],"location":[117],"tracking":[118],"solely":[120],"network":[123],"traffic":[124],"user,":[128],"test":[131],"it":[132],"applications.":[137],"We":[138,168],"demonstrate":[139],"effectiveness":[141],"efficiency":[143],"proposed":[146],"scheme":[147],"via":[148],"real-world":[149],"experiments":[150],"12":[152],"volunteers":[153],"show":[155],"could":[158],"obtain":[159],"geolocation":[161],"any":[163],"target":[164],"high":[166],"accuracy.":[167],"also":[169],"propose":[170],"three":[171],"mitigation":[172],"methods":[173],"to":[174,200],"mitigate":[175],"side":[177],"channel":[178],"attacks.":[179],"Our":[180],"results":[181],"reveal":[182],"potential":[184],"security":[185,198],"threat":[186],"current":[188],"serve":[194],"as":[195],"critical":[197],"reminder":[199],"vast":[202],"number":[203],"users.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
