{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3024155825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2020.2993599","title":"Privacy Preservation in Location-Based Services: A Novel Metric and Attack Model","display_name":"Privacy Preservation in Location-Based Services: A Novel Metric and Attack Model","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3024155825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2020.2993599","mag":"3024155825"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2020.2993599","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2020.2993599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053759908","display_name":"Sina Shaham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8346-8105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sina Shaham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8346-8105","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075722123","display_name":"Ming Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3690-0321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data61, CSIRO, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3690-0321","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data61, CSIRO, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100461646","display_name":"Bo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3603-6617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3603-6617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074392353","display_name":"Shuping Dang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0018-815X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuping Dang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0018-815X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020329725","display_name":"Zihuai Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3299-0411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihuai Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3299-0411","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100691319","display_name":"Jun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-2922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6239-2922","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3002,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97138592,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"10","first_page":"3006","last_page":"3019"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8902873992919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5974478125572205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viterbi-algorithm","display_name":"Viterbi algorithm","score":0.5719865560531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5633530616760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymity","display_name":"Anonymity","score":0.5160972476005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4492104649543762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/location-based-service","display_name":"Location-based service","score":0.43928784132003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4245138168334961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-sensitivity","display_name":"Information sensitivity","score":0.42330577969551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.25501054525375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12752917408943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.10837650299072266}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8902873992919922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5974478125572205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60582962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83886","display_name":"Viterbi algorithm","level":3,"score":0.5719865560531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5633530616760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178005623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308859","display_name":"Anonymity","level":2,"score":0.5160972476005554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4492104649543762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155292070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1198122","display_name":"Location-based service","level":2,"score":0.43928784132003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4245138168334961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137822555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2587068","display_name":"Information sensitivity","level":2,"score":0.42330577969551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.25501054525375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12752917408943176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.10837650299072266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2020.2993599","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2020.2993599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/662822","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/662822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1035537899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1004800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2276391916","display_name":"\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u5f02\u6784\u8702\u7a9d\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u9762\u5411\u79fb\u52a8\u8fb9\u7f18\u8ba1\u7b97\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc1\u79fb\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61872184","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5809091928","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61727802","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56293434","https://openalex.org/W1487596382","https://openalex.org/W1493667639","https://openalex.org/W1532761024","https://openalex.org/W1544471796","https://openalex.org/W1584714745","https://openalex.org/W1626398438","https://openalex.org/W1689932539","https://openalex.org/W1833322956","https://openalex.org/W1873763122","https://openalex.org/W1966517804","https://openalex.org/W1967880185","https://openalex.org/W1982590063","https://openalex.org/W1994292329","https://openalex.org/W2005778738","https://openalex.org/W2024047852","https://openalex.org/W2027078869","https://openalex.org/W2056773559","https://openalex.org/W2074149673","https://openalex.org/W2116179650","https://openalex.org/W2116347193","https://openalex.org/W2118204922","https://openalex.org/W2124377190","https://openalex.org/W2126818112","https://openalex.org/W2136317921","https://openalex.org/W2140251882","https://openalex.org/W2142384583","https://openalex.org/W2145819698","https://openalex.org/W2148728861","https://openalex.org/W2149058896","https://openalex.org/W2166636216","https://openalex.org/W2171294352","https://openalex.org/W2283987594","https://openalex.org/W2296298578","https://openalex.org/W2296615177","https://openalex.org/W2613648655","https://openalex.org/W2726905439","https://openalex.org/W2756496083","https://openalex.org/W2774046759","https://openalex.org/W2782143633","https://openalex.org/W2795987214","https://openalex.org/W2888655697","https://openalex.org/W2891199115","https://openalex.org/W2894692710","https://openalex.org/W2905240695","https://openalex.org/W2921850561","https://openalex.org/W2942352917","https://openalex.org/W2963161868","https://openalex.org/W3000465071","https://openalex.org/W6602294163","https://openalex.org/W6636500457","https://openalex.org/W6638755148","https://openalex.org/W6695609585","https://openalex.org/W6757359821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2556724601","https://openalex.org/W2998263314","https://openalex.org/W1547883785","https://openalex.org/W3106726050","https://openalex.org/W4239903230","https://openalex.org/W2899211709","https://openalex.org/W1996841315","https://openalex.org/W2223599195","https://openalex.org/W2905363813","https://openalex.org/W4323043882"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"years":[1],"have":[2,23,58],"seen":[3],"rising":[4],"needs":[5],"for":[6],"location-based":[7],"services":[8],"in":[9,93,150],"our":[10,160],"everyday":[11],"life.":[12],"Aside":[13],"from":[14],"the":[15,28,36,63,73,126,142,153],"many":[16],"advantages":[17],"provided":[18],"by":[19,39,85,132,171],"these":[20],"services,":[21],"they":[22],"caused":[24],"serious":[25],"concerns":[26],"regarding":[27],"location":[29],"privacy":[30,111],"of":[31,65,81,128,152],"users.":[32],"Adversaries":[33],"can":[34,138],"monitor":[35],"queried":[37],"locations":[38],"users":[40,140],"to":[41,61],"infer":[42],"sensitive":[43],"information,":[44],"such":[45],"as":[46,104],"home":[47],"addresses":[48],"and":[49,67,158,163],"shopping":[50],"habits.":[51],"To":[52],"address":[53],"this":[54,96],"issue,":[55],"dummy-based":[56,129],"algorithms":[57,75],"been":[59],"developed":[60],"increase":[62],"anonymity":[64],"users,":[66],"thus,":[68],"protecting":[69],"their":[70],"privacy.":[71],"Unfortunately,":[72],"existing":[74],"only":[76],"assume":[77],"a":[78,109,119,134,166],"limited":[79],"amount":[80],"side":[82],"information":[83],"known":[84],"adversaries,":[86],"which":[87,107],"may":[88],"face":[89],"more":[90],"severe":[91],"challenges":[92],"practice.":[94],"In":[95],"paper,":[97],"we":[98,117],"develop":[99],"an":[100],"attack":[101,144],"model":[102],"termed":[103],"Viterbi":[105,143],"attack,":[106],"represents":[108],"realistic":[110],"threat":[112],"on":[113,165],"user":[114],"trajectories.":[115],"Moreover,":[116],"propose":[118],"metric":[120,164],"called":[121],"transition":[122],"entropy":[123],"that":[124,137],"enables":[125],"evaluation":[127],"algorithms,":[130],"followed":[131],"developing":[133],"robust":[135],"algorithm":[136,162],"defend":[139],"against":[141],"while":[145],"maintaining":[146],"significantly":[147],"high":[148],"performance":[149],"terms":[151],"traditional":[154],"metrics.":[155],"We":[156],"compare":[157],"evaluate":[159],"proposed":[161],"publicly":[167],"available":[168],"dataset":[169],"published":[170],"Microsoft,":[172],"i.e.,":[173],"Geolife":[174],"dataset.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
