{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3010821574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2020.2980842","title":"SmartSO: Chinese Character and Stroke Order Recognition With Smartwatch","display_name":"SmartSO: Chinese Character and Stroke Order Recognition With Smartwatch","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3010821574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2020.2980842","mag":"3010821574"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2020.2980842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2020.2980842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091790870","display_name":"Jian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3612-7989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3612-7989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000452395","display_name":"Hongliang Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-2223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongliang Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-2223","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015275781","display_name":"Yanjiao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1382-0679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanjiao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114378267","display_name":"Qian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9205-1881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9205-1881","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045669037","display_name":"Zhaoyuan Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6562-4297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyuan Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101919549","display_name":"Yunzhe Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5073-5561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunzhe Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Hongyi Honor College, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5073-5561","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Hongyi Honor College, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100455066","display_name":"Zeyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3379-8456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Hongyi Honor College, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Hongyi Honor College, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0418,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76467902,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"7","first_page":"2490","last_page":"2504"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7640606760978699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.7519403696060181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartwatch","display_name":"Smartwatch","score":0.6403960585594177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5563765168190002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-characters","display_name":"Chinese characters","score":0.5301153659820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.5020184516906738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46307599544525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","score":0.4535379111766815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3710157871246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3694745898246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.16509327292442322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.08319121599197388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7640606760978699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.7519403696060181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29794715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5362345","display_name":"Smartwatch","level":3,"score":0.6403960585594177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5563765168190002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781051154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201","display_name":"Chinese characters","level":2,"score":0.5301153659820557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5020184516906738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46307599544525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.4535379111766815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3710157871246338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3694745898246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.16509327292442322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.08319121599197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2020.2980842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2020.2980842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-104405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://gateway.isiknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=WOS&KeyUT=000658333000012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ust.hk:1783.1-104405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.ust.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-104405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2838469879","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9690\u85cf\u4f20\u8f93\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61972296","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6441736759","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u62cd\u5356\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u9891\u8c31\u5206\u914d\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u6237\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236","funder_award_id":"61702380","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6819254342","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017A030312008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549554158","https://openalex.org/W1568858800","https://openalex.org/W1840860027","https://openalex.org/W1986707552","https://openalex.org/W2135018291","https://openalex.org/W2295552312","https://openalex.org/W2336918861","https://openalex.org/W2503109007","https://openalex.org/W2508265845","https://openalex.org/W2535391349","https://openalex.org/W2546432315","https://openalex.org/W2578427603","https://openalex.org/W2587469713","https://openalex.org/W2590106597","https://openalex.org/W2605539518","https://openalex.org/W2756417524","https://openalex.org/W2765625656","https://openalex.org/W2786066883","https://openalex.org/W2786852334","https://openalex.org/W2796208452","https://openalex.org/W2804021412","https://openalex.org/W2864477144","https://openalex.org/W2962452645","https://openalex.org/W2964208898","https://openalex.org/W2980687654","https://openalex.org/W4297686611","https://openalex.org/W6751475090"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4235505747","https://openalex.org/W2509150193","https://openalex.org/W2357953719","https://openalex.org/W2385192443","https://openalex.org/W2383960131","https://openalex.org/W2381493610","https://openalex.org/W2391760175","https://openalex.org/W2356947934","https://openalex.org/W2378345698","https://openalex.org/W2390320612"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Following":[0],"the":[1,49,58,75,80,88,117,132,140,156],"correct":[2],"stroke":[3,35,69,89,104,142,175],"order":[4,36,70,90,105,134,176],"while":[5],"writing":[6,98,133],"Chinese":[7,66,76,110],"characters":[8,111],"composed":[9],"of":[10,54,61,116,135,147,189],"strokes":[11,114,137,162],"plays":[12],"an":[13,62],"important":[14],"role":[15],"in":[16],"handwriting":[17],"efficiency":[18],"and":[19,34,52,68,126,145,168,191,197],"quality,":[20],"especially":[21],"for":[22,32,65,103],"early":[23],"education.":[24],"Most":[25],"existing":[26],"systems":[27],"use":[28],"image":[29],"processing":[30],"techniques":[31],"character":[33,67,77],"recognition,":[37],"which":[38,56,84],"is":[39,91,107,128],"sensitive":[40],"to":[41,94,130,164,173],"lighting":[42],"conditions.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45,151],"paper,":[46],"we":[47,153,183],"present":[48],"design,":[50],"implementation":[51],"evaluation":[53],"SmartSO,":[55,190],"utilizes":[57],"inertial":[59],"sensors":[60],"off-the-shelf":[63],"smartwatch":[64],"recognition.":[71],"SmartSo":[72,85],"first":[73],"identifies":[74],"written":[78,92],"by":[79],"user,":[81],"based":[82,177],"on":[83,178],"decides":[86],"whether":[87],"correctly":[93],"help":[95],"improve":[96],"users'":[97],"behavior.":[99],"The":[100],"biggest":[101],"challenge":[102],"recognition":[106],"that":[108],"some":[109],"have":[112],"repeated":[113],"(strokes":[115],"same":[118,123],"type),":[119],"e.g.,":[120],"with":[121],"two":[122,160],"horizontal":[124],"strokes,":[125],"it":[127],"challenging":[129],"differentiate":[131],"such":[136],"given":[138],"only":[139],"detected":[141],"composition":[143],"(number":[144],"type":[146],"strokes).":[148],"To":[149],"mitigate":[150],"problem,":[152],"further":[154],"analyze":[155],"hand":[157],"movement":[158],"between":[159],"adjacent":[161],"(referred":[163],"as":[165],"direction":[166,179],"motion)":[167],"propose":[169],"a":[170,185],"novel":[171],"algorithm":[172],"recognize":[174],"motion":[180],"information.":[181],"Finally,":[182],"build":[184],"fully":[186],"functional":[187],"prototype":[188],"extensive":[192],"experiments":[193],"confirm":[194],"its":[195],"effectiveness":[196],"robustness.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}