{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2963832764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2019.2925797","title":"Economics of Fog Computing: Interplay Among Infrastructure and Service Providers, Users, and Edge Resource Owners","display_name":"Economics of Fog Computing: Interplay Among Infrastructure and Service Providers, Users, and Edge Resource Owners","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2963832764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2019.2925797","mag":"2963832764"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2019.2925797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2019.2925797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088228623","display_name":"Daewoo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2475-6956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daewoo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2475-6956","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041250916","display_name":"Hyojung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0471-6650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155180","display_name":"Samsung SDS (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/0476bn305","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4387155180"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyojung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung SDS, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung SDS, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4387155180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022740088","display_name":"Hyungseok Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-0274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyungseok Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-0274","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090619132","display_name":"Nakjung Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6272-1933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nakjung Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Labs, Nokia, Murray Hill, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6272-1933","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Labs, Nokia, Murray Hill, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037245619","display_name":"Yung Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6955-3135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yung Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6955-3135","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088228623"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2285,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89077166,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"11","first_page":"2609","last_page":"2622"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7482821941375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.7093760967254639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provisioning","display_name":"Provisioning","score":0.7074086666107178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.611361563205719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/utility-computing","display_name":"Utility computing","score":0.5976769328117371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5332754850387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-user-computing","display_name":"End-user computing","score":0.5151735544204712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-user","display_name":"End user","score":0.5150370597839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5135684013366699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fog-computing","display_name":"Fog computing","score":0.4823819696903229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.4773704707622528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4713297188282013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.45886796712875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3454338312149048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3393983542919159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.29729461669921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.26699528098106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21899333596229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.14143475890159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1053939163684845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.08530715107917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.0815419852733612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7482821941375732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.7093760967254639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.7074086666107178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.611361563205719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85106507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188445","display_name":"Utility computing","level":4,"score":0.5976769328117371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5332754850387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135642988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521737","display_name":"End-user computing","level":5,"score":0.5151735544204712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91262260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528074","display_name":"End user","level":2,"score":0.5150370597839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5135684013366699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986652147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21809931","display_name":"Fog computing","level":3,"score":0.4823819696903229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.4773704707622528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4713297188282013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.45886796712875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3454338312149048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3393983542919159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.29729461669921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.26699528098106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21899333596229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.14143475890159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1053939163684845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.08530715107917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.0815419852733612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2019.2925797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2019.2925797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6056310901","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016-0-00160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7910302871","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016R1A2A2A05921755","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550091030","https://openalex.org/W1696348107","https://openalex.org/W1964712697","https://openalex.org/W1965908392","https://openalex.org/W1970756365","https://openalex.org/W1985217480","https://openalex.org/W2045371716","https://openalex.org/W2058911993","https://openalex.org/W2062460713","https://openalex.org/W2069862196","https://openalex.org/W2084963515","https://openalex.org/W2118720406","https://openalex.org/W2126045912","https://openalex.org/W2129824807","https://openalex.org/W2135099885","https://openalex.org/W2154126105","https://openalex.org/W2164328540","https://openalex.org/W2171651825","https://openalex.org/W2189380805","https://openalex.org/W2245189809","https://openalex.org/W2510306902","https://openalex.org/W2548601994","https://openalex.org/W2581520476","https://openalex.org/W2594560857","https://openalex.org/W2744586935","https://openalex.org/W2762202334","https://openalex.org/W2783085497","https://openalex.org/W2809629093","https://openalex.org/W2886498437","https://openalex.org/W2887073262","https://openalex.org/W3104318400","https://openalex.org/W3106445841"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322712946","https://openalex.org/W4283576302","https://openalex.org/W2258846475","https://openalex.org/W2463707775","https://openalex.org/W2337331320","https://openalex.org/W4288033114","https://openalex.org/W3016026177","https://openalex.org/W4379619960","https://openalex.org/W2045371716","https://openalex.org/W2245189809"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fog":[0],"computing":[1,32,52,86,102,223],"is":[2,33,53,163,213],"a":[3,68,105,124,133,140,143,159,171,200,236],"paradigm":[4],"which":[5,74,131,145,204],"brings":[6],"computing,":[7,72,137],"storage,":[8],"and":[9,15,43,66,110,118,150,178,180,185,218,227],"networking":[10],"closer":[11],"to":[12,36,46,56,81,154,187],"end":[13,16,47,114],"users":[14,48],"devices":[17],"for":[18,135,175,182],"better":[19],"service":[20],"provisioning.":[21],"One":[22],"of":[23,30,70,98,108,242],"the":[24,28,38,84,189,231,240],"crucial":[25],"factors":[26,233],"in":[27,166],"success":[29,241],"fog":[31,51,71,85,101,136,222,243],"on":[34,208,239],"how":[35,83,209],"incentivize":[37],"individual":[39],"users'":[40],"edge":[41,148],"resources":[42,149],"provide":[44,199],"them":[45],"such":[49,99],"that":[50,234],"economically":[54],"beneficial":[55],"all":[57],"involved":[58],"economic":[59,96,211,232],"players.":[60],"In":[61,127,156],"this":[62,91,128,194],"paper,":[63],"we":[64,75,93,198,228],"model":[65,188],"analyze":[67],"market":[69,87,106,190],"from":[73,220],"aim":[76],"at":[77],"drawing":[78],"practical":[79],"implications":[80],"uncover":[82],"should":[88],"operate.":[89],"To":[90],"end,":[92],"conduct":[94],"an":[95,206],"analysis":[97,203],"user-oriented":[100,221],"by":[103,215],"modeling":[104],"consisting":[107],"Infrastructure":[109],"Service":[111,115],"Provider":[112],"(ISP),":[113],"Users":[116],"(SUs),":[117],"Edge":[119],"Resource":[120],"Owners":[121],"(EROs)":[122],"as":[123,139],"non-cooperative":[125],"game.":[126],"market,":[129],"ISP,":[130,216],"provides":[132,151],"platform":[134],"behaves":[138],"mediator":[141],"or":[142],"broker":[144],"leases":[146],"EROs'":[147],"various":[152],"services":[153],"SUs.":[155],"our":[157],"model,":[158],"two-stage":[160],"dynamic":[161,172],"game":[162,196],"used":[164],"where":[165],"each":[167],"stage,":[168],"there":[169],"exists":[170],"game,":[173],"one":[174],"between":[176,183],"ISP":[177,184],"EROs":[179,219],"another":[181],"SUs,":[186,217],"more":[191],"practically.":[192],"Despite":[193],"complex":[195],"structure,":[197],"closed-form":[201],"equilibrium":[202],"gives":[205],"insight":[207],"much":[210],"benefit":[212],"obtained":[214],"under":[224],"what":[225],"conditions,":[226],"figure":[229],"out":[230],"have":[235],"significant":[237],"impact":[238],"computing.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
