{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2944778709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2019.2915221","title":"A Self-Evolving WiFi-based Indoor Navigation System Using Smartphones","display_name":"A Self-Evolving WiFi-based Indoor Navigation System Using Smartphones","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2944778709","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2019.2915221","mag":"2944778709"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2019.2915221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2019.2915221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035143434","display_name":"Zhenyong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0950-1525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068195118","display_name":"Shibo He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1505-6766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shibo He","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016472874","display_name":"Yuanchao Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9542-7095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanchao Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research, Redmond, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041940889","display_name":"Zhiguo Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9160-048X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiguo Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035143434"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9268,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86327671,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7546305656433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6527876257896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5537555813789368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.5261708498001099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4767093062400818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.32684609293937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.272991806268692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2711227834224701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.20374634861946106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7546305656433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6527876257896423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5537555813789368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5261708498001099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4767093062400818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.32684609293937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.272991806268692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2711227834224701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.20374634861946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2019.2915221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2019.2915221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1764420153","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61731004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76788353","https://openalex.org/W116902681","https://openalex.org/W1912005673","https://openalex.org/W1948141881","https://openalex.org/W1976535029","https://openalex.org/W1978200836","https://openalex.org/W1988789366","https://openalex.org/W1995609398","https://openalex.org/W2005598601","https://openalex.org/W2016987590","https://openalex.org/W2021728564","https://openalex.org/W2042556563","https://openalex.org/W2088739204","https://openalex.org/W2122305929","https://openalex.org/W2123588191","https://openalex.org/W2139362983","https://openalex.org/W2166315077","https://openalex.org/W2288654967","https://openalex.org/W2294748733","https://openalex.org/W2307851164","https://openalex.org/W2331639761","https://openalex.org/W2335413077","https://openalex.org/W2336558231","https://openalex.org/W2342539491","https://openalex.org/W2389383564","https://openalex.org/W2474141698","https://openalex.org/W2488359789","https://openalex.org/W2503830339","https://openalex.org/W2517170574","https://openalex.org/W2551883057","https://openalex.org/W2592822098","https://openalex.org/W2595547504","https://openalex.org/W2596904372","https://openalex.org/W2611946954","https://openalex.org/W2612405751","https://openalex.org/W2616555170","https://openalex.org/W2623188843","https://openalex.org/W2746750595","https://openalex.org/W2765095969","https://openalex.org/W2765310706","https://openalex.org/W2794378449","https://openalex.org/W6603101531","https://openalex.org/W6604828220","https://openalex.org/W6655692121","https://openalex.org/W6698302138","https://openalex.org/W6729666994"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389214306","https://openalex.org/W2131958170","https://openalex.org/W4235240664","https://openalex.org/W2273754158","https://openalex.org/W2965083567","https://openalex.org/W1838576100","https://openalex.org/W2095886385","https://openalex.org/W2089704382","https://openalex.org/W1983399550","https://openalex.org/W2031096545"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Given":[0],"a":[1,47,61,123,138,172,177],"wide":[2],"spectrum":[3],"of":[4,68,83,91,149,207],"demands":[5],"for":[6],"indoor":[7,18,34,58],"location-based":[8],"service,":[9],"great":[10],"research":[11],"effort":[12],"has":[13],"been":[14],"devoted":[15],"to":[16,23,112,127,144],"developing":[17],"navigation":[19,35,59,115,212],"systems.":[20],"Nevertheless,":[21],"due":[22],"high":[24],"engineering":[25],"complexity":[26],"and":[27,30,56,72,80,94,134,167,176,192,218],"expensive":[28],"infrastructure":[29],"labor":[31],"cost,":[32],"scalable":[33],"is":[36,142],"still":[37],"an":[38],"unsolved":[39],"problem.":[40],"In":[41,117],"this":[42],"paper,":[43],"we":[44,161],"present":[45],"SWiN,":[46],"Self-evolving":[48],"WiFi-based":[49],"Indoor":[50],"Navigation":[51],"system.":[52],"SWiN":[53,75,99,121,150,163],"provides":[54],"plug-and-play":[55],"light-weight":[57,124],"in":[60,155,171,221],"sharing":[62],"manner.":[63],"To":[64],"alleviate":[65],"the":[66,69,78,101,146,208],"impact":[67],"environmental":[70],"change":[71],"device":[73],"diversity,":[74],"extracts":[76],"both":[77],"static":[79],"dynamic":[81],"properties":[82],"WiFi":[84,130],"signals":[85],"including":[86],"scanned":[87],"AP":[88],"list,":[89],"variations":[90],"signal":[92],"strength,":[93],"AP's":[95],"relative":[96],"strength":[97],"order.":[98],"exploits":[100],"leader-follower":[102],"structure,":[103],"navigating":[104],"following":[105],"users":[106],"by":[107,151],"tracking":[108,209],"their":[109],"motion":[110],"patterns":[111],"provide":[113],"real-time":[114],"guidance.":[116],"specific,":[118],"during":[119,211],"navigation,":[120],"utilizes":[122],"synchronization":[125],"algorithm":[126],"synchronize":[128],"multi-dimensional":[129],"measurements":[131],"between":[132],"leader":[133],"follower":[135],"traces.":[136,157],"Furthermore,":[137],"trace":[139],"updating":[140],"mechanism":[141],"developed":[143],"guarantee":[145],"long-term":[147],"utility":[148],"extracting":[152],"useful":[153],"information":[154],"followers'":[156],"Consolidating":[158],"these":[159,222],"techniques,":[160],"implement":[162],"on":[164],"commodity":[165],"smartphones,":[166],"evaluate":[168],"its":[169],"performance":[170],"five-story":[173],"office":[174],"building":[175],"newly":[178],"opened":[179],"two-story":[180],"shopping":[181],"mall":[182],"with":[183],"test":[184],"areas":[185],"over":[186],"8000":[187],"m":[188,194,217,220],"<sup":[189,195],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[190,196],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[191,197],"6000":[193],",":[198],"respectively.":[199],"Our":[200],"experimental":[201],"results":[202],"show":[203],"that":[204],"95":[205],"percent":[206],"offsets":[210],"are":[213],"less":[214],"than":[215],"2":[216],"3.2":[219],"two":[223],"environments.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}