{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2892805506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2018.2872558","title":"Close-Proximity Detection for Hand Approaching Using Backscatter Communication","display_name":"Close-Proximity Detection for Hand Approaching Using Backscatter Communication","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2892805506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2018.2872558","mag":"2892805506"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2018.2872558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2018.2872558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055427830","display_name":"Han Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5274-7988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Han Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100737734","display_name":"Chen Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6882-9590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023885705","display_name":"Jinsong Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5064-1955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinsong Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cyberspace Research, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cyberspace Research, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059946311","display_name":"Jian Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4412-588X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25355098","display_name":"Chang'an University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mxya461","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Science and Technology, ChangAn University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Science and Technology, ChangAn University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25355098"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062123451","display_name":"Xingjun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1434-7016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingjun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400459","display_name":"Ge Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3845-1646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050052141","display_name":"Wei Xi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9348-2982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101471775","display_name":"Jizhong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6520-8238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jizhong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055427830"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0467,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78701194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"10","first_page":"2285","last_page":"2297"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10986","display_name":"RFID technology advancements","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.722466230392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.6961641311645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.39291882514953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.32963404059410095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2235887348651886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.17879775166511536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.722466230392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.6961641311645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.39291882514953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.32963404059410095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2235887348651886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.17879775166511536}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2018.2872558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2018.2872558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1549962438","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872285","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1939944271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1750704","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2969364157","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61672424","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3110555919","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0200902","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G326689101","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802299","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3501056997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2015CB351705","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3880543323","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61572396","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4822486033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772413","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7040124566","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1717948","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965338234","https://openalex.org/W1985158854","https://openalex.org/W2002640258","https://openalex.org/W2010882865","https://openalex.org/W2018388187","https://openalex.org/W2019642002","https://openalex.org/W2052476756","https://openalex.org/W2069973845","https://openalex.org/W2072913464","https://openalex.org/W2080915355","https://openalex.org/W2099094909","https://openalex.org/W2102159398","https://openalex.org/W2109519180","https://openalex.org/W2110745482","https://openalex.org/W2115612038","https://openalex.org/W2119047737","https://openalex.org/W2129045955","https://openalex.org/W2136785841","https://openalex.org/W2141336889","https://openalex.org/W2141749533","https://openalex.org/W2196145477","https://openalex.org/W2491602306","https://openalex.org/W2525033133","https://openalex.org/W2604258698","https://openalex.org/W2624822259","https://openalex.org/W2733443012","https://openalex.org/W2740124409","https://openalex.org/W2762819682","https://openalex.org/W2771790779","https://openalex.org/W2793136019","https://openalex.org/W2810208430","https://openalex.org/W2951786169","https://openalex.org/W6676045232","https://openalex.org/W6687355602","https://openalex.org/W6764066720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101982260","https://openalex.org/W790100635","https://openalex.org/W1975942461","https://openalex.org/W2160812412","https://openalex.org/W2044375172","https://openalex.org/W2016621599","https://openalex.org/W2009296155","https://openalex.org/W2416198786","https://openalex.org/W1964041166","https://openalex.org/W3132851435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0],"environments":[1],"and":[2,97,116,131,135,147],"security":[3],"systems":[4,23],"require":[5,25,66],"automatic":[6],"detection":[7,22,158],"of":[8,80,86],"human":[9,20,26,67],"behaviors":[10,49],"including":[11],"approaching":[12,48],"to":[13,28,45,69,83],"or":[14],"departing":[15],"from":[16,55],"an":[17],"object.":[18,62],"Existing":[19],"motion":[21],"usually":[24],"beings":[27,68],"carry":[29,70],"special":[30],"devices,":[31],"which":[32],"limits":[33],"their":[34,121],"applications.":[35],"In":[36,103],"this":[37],"paper,":[38],"we":[39],"present":[40],"a":[41,56,105],"system":[42,143],"called":[43],"APID":[44,63,90,142,154],"detect":[46],"hand":[47,81],"by":[50],"analyzing":[51],"backscatter":[52],"communication":[53,129],"signals":[54,115,130],"passive":[57],"RFID":[58,107],"tag":[59,88],"on":[60,77],"the":[61,78,84,98,128,133,141],"does":[64],"not":[65],"any":[71],"device.":[72],"The":[73],"idea":[74],"is":[75,91],"based":[76],"influence":[79],"movements":[82],"vibration":[85],"backscattered":[87],"signals.":[89],"compatible":[92],"with":[93,120],"commodity":[94],"off-the-shelf":[95],"devices":[96],"EPCglobal":[99],"Class-1":[100],"Generation-2":[101],"protocol.":[102],"APID,":[104],"commercial":[106],"reader":[108],"continuously":[109],"queries":[110],"tags":[111,117],"through":[112],"emitting":[113],"RF":[114],"simply":[118],"respond":[119],"IDs.":[122],"A":[123],"USRP":[124],"monitor":[125],"passively":[126],"analyzes":[127],"reports":[132],"approach":[134],"departure":[136],"behaviors.":[137],"We":[138],"have":[139],"implemented":[140],"for":[144],"both":[145,161],"single-object":[146],"multi-object":[148],"scenarios.":[149,162],"Extensive":[150],"evaluations":[151],"demonstrate":[152],"that":[153],"can":[155],"achieve":[156],"high":[157],"accuracy":[159],"in":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}