{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2732097898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2018.2828820","title":"Anchor Free IP Mobility","display_name":"Anchor Free IP Mobility","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2732097898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2018.2828820","mag":"2732097898"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2018.2828820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2018.2828820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009748724","display_name":"Mohammed Al-Khalidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1655-8514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Al-Khalidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011969400","display_name":"Nikolaos Thomos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7266-2642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos Thomos","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048860833","display_name":"Martin J. Reed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6708-4478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin J. Reed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023441929","display_name":"Mays Al-Naday","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2439-5620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mays F. AL-Naday","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063461342","display_name":"Dirk Trossen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2896-0758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103321","display_name":"InterDigital (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01d92aq70","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103321"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dirk Trossen","raw_affiliation_strings":["InterDigital Europe Ltd., London, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterDigital Europe Ltd., London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210103321"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009748724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7381,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73075841,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"56","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10742","display_name":"Peer-to-Peer Network Technologies","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8690659403800964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7880487442016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobility-management","display_name":"Mobility management","score":0.6343926787376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6288756132125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobility-model","display_name":"Mobility model","score":0.6098942756652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handover","display_name":"Handover","score":0.5602629780769348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-ip","display_name":"Mobile IP","score":0.5565045475959778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.4766805171966553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-routing-and-forwarding","display_name":"Virtual routing and forwarding","score":0.47638386487960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ip-forwarding","display_name":"IP forwarding","score":0.4668087959289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4426320195198059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4321132302284241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.40299955010414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-table","display_name":"Routing table","score":0.3365525007247925}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8690659403800964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7880487442016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778555145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4476379","display_name":"Mobility management","level":2,"score":0.6343926787376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6288756132125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191485582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887309","display_name":"Mobility model","level":2,"score":0.6098942756652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111852164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679","display_name":"Handover","level":2,"score":0.5602629780769348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82203111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205936","display_name":"Mobile IP","level":3,"score":0.5565045475959778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.4766805171966553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157626507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7935037","display_name":"Virtual routing and forwarding","level":5,"score":0.47638386487960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174809319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973191","display_name":"IP forwarding","level":5,"score":0.4668087959289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4426320195198059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4321132302284241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.40299955010414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184896649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290066","display_name":"Routing table","level":4,"score":0.3365525007247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2018.2828820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2018.2828820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/7a123f1c-bf4f-48f5-b5fc-1f0243a2a024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.edgehill.ac.uk/en/publications/7a123f1c-bf4f-48f5-b5fc-1f0243a2a024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402462","display_name":"Edge Hill University Research Information Repository (Edge Hill University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165525304","host_organization_name":"Edge Hill University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165525304"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Khalidi, M, Thomos, N, Martin, R, Al-Naday, M & Trossen, D 2019, 'Anchor Free IP Mobility', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 18, no. 1, 8344439, pp. 56-69. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2018.2828820","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.essex.ac.uk:22345","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2018.2828820","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401236","display_name":"Open Access at Essex (University of Essex)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","host_organization_name":"University of Essex","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/7a123f1c-bf4f-48f5-b5fc-1f0243a2a024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85045757466&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402462","display_name":"Edge Hill University Research Information Repository (Edge Hill University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165525304","host_organization_name":"Edge Hill University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165525304"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Al-Khalidi, M, Thomos, N, Martin, R, Al-Naday, M & Trossen, D 2019, 'Anchor Free IP Mobility', IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 18, no. 1, 8344439, pp. 56-69. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2018.2828820","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W128468919","https://openalex.org/W1497259338","https://openalex.org/W1499405437","https://openalex.org/W1500031363","https://openalex.org/W1516143740","https://openalex.org/W1973289812","https://openalex.org/W2026859718","https://openalex.org/W2038374990","https://openalex.org/W2039100268","https://openalex.org/W2045239101","https://openalex.org/W2055593206","https://openalex.org/W2069986436","https://openalex.org/W2076085033","https://openalex.org/W2080852800","https://openalex.org/W2088216145","https://openalex.org/W2092690092","https://openalex.org/W2122642161","https://openalex.org/W2129966076","https://openalex.org/W2154614041","https://openalex.org/W2169300055","https://openalex.org/W2218077789","https://openalex.org/W2276598129","https://openalex.org/W2276818436","https://openalex.org/W2295853933","https://openalex.org/W2301446542","https://openalex.org/W2485668388","https://openalex.org/W2511894128","https://openalex.org/W2524869212","https://openalex.org/W2525793431","https://openalex.org/W2745972037","https://openalex.org/W2913839961","https://openalex.org/W3110081938","https://openalex.org/W4205670688","https://openalex.org/W4251575039","https://openalex.org/W6630094530","https://openalex.org/W6722498078"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1595951150","https://openalex.org/W2161008109","https://openalex.org/W1524821281","https://openalex.org/W2187425543","https://openalex.org/W2097705794","https://openalex.org/W1552030331","https://openalex.org/W1601971307","https://openalex.org/W2028976534","https://openalex.org/W2535886328","https://openalex.org/W2093476505"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Efficient":[0],"mobility":[1,25,110,246],"management":[2,26],"techniques":[3],"are":[4,83],"critical":[5],"in":[6,33,62,210,267],"providing":[7],"seamless":[8,208],"connectivity":[9],"and":[10,17,41,159,199,251],"session":[11],"continuity":[12],"between":[13],"a":[14,30,107,118,211,221,225,255,264],"mobile":[15],"node":[16],"the":[18,34,63,70,88,92,133,138,145,151,165,170,176,234,268,280],"network":[19,35,152,177,270],"during":[20],"its":[21],"movement.":[22],"However,":[23],"current":[24,89],"solutions":[27,82,182],"generally":[28],"require":[29],"central":[31],"entity":[32],"core,":[36],"tracking":[37],"IP":[38,93,135],"address":[39,136],"movement,":[40],"anchoring":[42,148],"traffic":[43,149,271],"from":[44,55,127,137,254],"source":[45],"to":[46,66,87,100,143,180,196,206,228,284],"destination":[47],"through":[48,150,183,240],"point-to-point":[49],"tunnels.":[50],"Intuitively,":[51],"this":[52,104],"approach":[53,174],"suffers":[54],"scalability":[56],"limitations":[57,90,115],"as":[58,220],"it":[59],"creates":[60],"bottlenecks":[61],"network,":[64],"due":[65,86],"sub-optimal":[67],"routing":[68,168],"via":[69,169],"anchor":[71,171],"point.":[72],"This":[73],"is":[74,194,218],"often":[75],"termed":[76],"\u201cdog-leg\u201d":[77],"routing.":[78],"Meanwhile,":[79],"alternative":[80],"anchorless,":[81],"not":[84],"feasible":[85],"of":[91,167,233,242],"semantics,":[94],"which":[95,223],"strongly":[96],"tie":[97],"addressing":[98],"information":[99,253],"location.":[101],"In":[102],"contrast,":[103],"paper":[105],"introduces":[106],"novel":[108],"anchorless":[109],"solution":[111,193,217],"that":[112,204],"overcomes":[113],"these":[114],"by":[116,163,273],"exploiting":[117],"new":[119],"path-based":[120],"forwarding":[121,142],"fabric":[122],"together":[123],"with":[124],"emerging":[125],"mechanisms":[126,131],"information-centric":[128],"networking.":[129],"These":[130],"decouple":[132],"end-system":[134],"path":[139,157],"based":[140],"data":[141,259],"eliminate":[144],"need":[146],"for":[147],"core;":[153],"thereby,":[154],"allowing":[155],"flexible":[156],"calculation":[158],"service":[160],"provisioning.":[161],"Furthermore,":[162],"eliminating":[164],"limitation":[166],"point,":[172],"our":[173],"reduces":[175],"cost":[178,272],"compared":[179,283],"anchored":[181],"bandwidth":[184],"saving":[185],"while":[186],"maintaining":[187],"comparable":[188],"handover":[189,209],"delay.":[190],"The":[191,216,231],"proposed":[192,235,281],"applicable":[195],"both":[197,243],"cellular":[198],"large-scale":[200],"wireless":[201],"LAN":[202],"networks":[203,250],"aim":[205],"support":[207],"single":[212],"operator":[213],"domain":[214],"scenario.":[215],"modeled":[219],"Markov-chain":[222],"applies":[224],"topological":[226],"basis":[227],"describe":[229],"mobility.":[230],"validity":[232],"Markovian":[236],"model":[237],"was":[238],"verified":[239],"simulation":[241],"random":[244,248],"walk":[245],"on":[247],"geometric":[249],"trace":[252],"large-scale,":[256],"city":[257],"wide":[258],"set.":[260],"Evaluation":[261],"results":[262],"illustrate":[263],"significant":[265],"reduction":[266],"total":[269],"45":[274],"percent":[275],"or":[276],"more":[277],"when":[278],"using":[279],"solution,":[282],"Proxy":[285],"Mobile":[286],"IPv6.":[287]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}