{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2525236167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2015.2508814","title":"CARM: Crowd-Sensing Accurate Outdoor RSS Maps with Error-Prone Smartphone Measurements","display_name":"CARM: Crowd-Sensing Accurate Outdoor RSS Maps with Error-Prone Smartphone Measurements","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2525236167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2015.2508814","mag":"2525236167"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2015.2508814","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2015.2508814","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062643597","display_name":"Chaocan Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1473-6006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52604927","display_name":"PLA Army Service Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02syyrn67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52604927"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaocan Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Logistic Engineering University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Logistic Engineering University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52604927"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087967463","display_name":"Panlong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1057-2793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panlong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100515249","display_name":"Chang Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4387-2971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communications Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communications Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100322320","display_name":"Lan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1004-8588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE Key Lab for Information System Security, School of Software, Tsinghua University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Lab for Information System Security, School of Software, Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101568202","display_name":"Hao Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1533-791X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111599522","display_name":"Jiangnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mkzax54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111599522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100602821","display_name":"Fu Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1815-2793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089337456","display_name":"Maotian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6406-8408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maotian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communications Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communications Engineering, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070071735","display_name":"Yunhao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9508-3520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunhao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["MOE Key Lab for Information System Security, School of Software, Tsinghua University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MOE Key Lab for Information System Security, School of Software, Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1379,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88957817,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"11","first_page":"2669","last_page":"2681"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rss","display_name":"RSS","score":0.9578477144241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.813471794128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5235597491264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4539203643798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.44208672642707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4015372395515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33130162954330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12776237726211548}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.9578477144241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.813471794128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5235597491264343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4539203643798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.44208672642707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4015372395515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33130162954330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12776237726211548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2015.2508814","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2015.2508814","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2596279138","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1405254","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5554074596","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61402009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G564973960","display_name":"\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61232016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6755323168","display_name":"\u4e1a\u52a1\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8ba4\u77e5\u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u7ebf\u51b3\u7b56\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61272487","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7159415382","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u52a0\u5bc6\u6c14\u8c61\u89c2\u6d4b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5feb\u901f\u90e8\u7f72\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61173136","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7802675265","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61232018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8403682924","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61190114","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8541539729","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61502520","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76788353","https://openalex.org/W1581692152","https://openalex.org/W1969511390","https://openalex.org/W1974420977","https://openalex.org/W1977329446","https://openalex.org/W1981831056","https://openalex.org/W1985250594","https://openalex.org/W1995875503","https://openalex.org/W2015529002","https://openalex.org/W2023487929","https://openalex.org/W2040862053","https://openalex.org/W2042803051","https://openalex.org/W2069975285","https://openalex.org/W2079615115","https://openalex.org/W2086976333","https://openalex.org/W2104239624","https://openalex.org/W2109542432","https://openalex.org/W2111591860","https://openalex.org/W2127347346","https://openalex.org/W2127600800","https://openalex.org/W2139614748","https://openalex.org/W2142136129","https://openalex.org/W2145126461","https://openalex.org/W2155189155","https://openalex.org/W2157294617","https://openalex.org/W2158751658","https://openalex.org/W2162192698","https://openalex.org/W2162231928","https://openalex.org/W2166315077","https://openalex.org/W2170240475","https://openalex.org/W2171183905","https://openalex.org/W2171801483","https://openalex.org/W2172075534","https://openalex.org/W2263562411","https://openalex.org/W4230908132","https://openalex.org/W4240825819","https://openalex.org/W6679216312","https://openalex.org/W6693027903"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W426968574","https://openalex.org/W2365639220","https://openalex.org/W2080567403","https://openalex.org/W2382520895","https://openalex.org/W2393709043","https://openalex.org/W2539387137","https://openalex.org/W2374952201","https://openalex.org/W2374808384","https://openalex.org/W2385449752","https://openalex.org/W2129692140"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Received":[0],"Signal":[1],"Strength":[2],"(RSS)":[3],"maps":[4,45,92],"provide":[5],"fundamental":[6],"information":[7],"for":[8,146],"mobile":[9],"users,":[10],"aiding":[11],"the":[12,24,81,118,126,144,147,154,167,172,178,181,206,215,228],"development":[13],"of":[14,86,122,150,158,180,210],"conflict":[15],"graph":[16],"and":[17,26,76,84,109,129,153,208],"improving":[18],"communication":[19],"quality":[20],"to":[21,41,57,59,89,102,142,233],"cope":[22],"with":[23,61,107,198],"complex":[25],"unstable":[27],"wireless":[28],"channels.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31,211],"paper,":[32],"we":[33,100,116,132],"present":[34],"CARM:":[35],"a":[36,186],"scheme":[37,191],"that":[38],"exploits":[39],"crowd-sensing":[40,216],"construct":[42],"outdoor":[43],"RSS":[44,91,188,225],"using":[46],"smartphone":[47,74,105,123,152],"measurements.":[48],"An":[49],"alternative":[50],"yet":[51],"impractical":[52],"approach":[53],"in":[54],"literature":[55],"is":[56,165,192],"appeal":[58],"professionals":[60],"customized":[62],"devices.":[63],"Our":[64],"work":[65],"distinguishes":[66],"itself":[67],"from":[68,231],"previous":[69],"studies":[70],"by":[71,79,177],"supporting":[72],"off-the-shelf":[73],"devices,":[75],"more":[77],"importantly,":[78],"mitigating":[80],"error-prone":[82,104],"nature":[83],"inaccuracies":[85],"these":[87,114,195,199],"devices":[88],"build":[90,117],"through":[93],"crowd-sensing.":[94],"The":[95,162,202],"main":[96],"challenges":[97],"are":[98,175],"that,":[99,166,219],"need":[101],"calibrate":[103],"measurements":[106,169],"\u201cinaccurate\u201d":[108],"\u201cincomplete\u201d":[110],"data.":[111],"To":[112],"address":[113],"challenges,":[115],"measurement":[119],"error":[120,148,173,230],"model":[121,174],"based":[124,137,170],"on":[125,138,171],"experimental":[127],"observations":[128],"analyses.":[130],"Moreover,":[131],"propose":[133],"an":[134,223],"iterative":[135,212],"method":[136],"Davidon-Fletcher-Powell":[139],"(DFP)":[140],"algorithm,":[141],"estimate":[143],"parameters":[145],"models":[149,157,197],"each":[151,159],"signal":[155,182],"propagation":[156,183],"AP":[160],"simultaneously.":[161],"key":[163],"intuition":[164],"calibrated":[168],"constrained":[176],"physics":[179],"model.":[184],"Finally,":[185],"model-driven":[187],"map":[189],"construction":[190],"built":[193],"upon":[194],"two":[196],"estimated":[200],"parameters.":[201],"theoretical":[203],"analyses":[204],"prove":[205],"optimality":[207],"convergence":[209],"method.":[213],"Also,":[214],"experiments":[217],"show":[218],"CARM":[220],"can":[221],"achieve":[222],"accurate":[224],"map,":[226],"decreasing":[227],"average":[229],"19.8":[232],"8.5":[234],"dBm.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
