{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2152151699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2014.2320265","title":"ACE: An Accurate and Efficient Multi-Entity Device-Free WLAN Localization System","display_name":"ACE: An Accurate and Efficient Multi-Entity Device-Free WLAN Localization System","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2152151699","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2014.2320265","mag":"2152151699"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2014.2320265","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2014.2320265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062053667","display_name":"Ibrahim Sabek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2102-5241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Sabek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008352007","display_name":"Moustafa Youssef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-4364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32619867","display_name":"Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02x66tk73","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32619867"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moustafa Youssef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Research Center, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology and Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Research Center, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology and Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32619867","https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074022699","display_name":"Athanasios V. Vasilakos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1902-9877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89506807","display_name":"University of Western Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/00a5pe906","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Athanasios V. Vasilakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Psychiko, Attica15410, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Psychiko, Attica15410, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.3235,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98392647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"261","last_page":"273"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7926908135414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5569392442703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.5252919793128967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-random-field","display_name":"Markov random field","score":0.5021035671234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.49085384607315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.469372034072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.46309471130371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-complexity","display_name":"Time complexity","score":0.4573781192302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.4371708333492279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-a-posteriori-estimation","display_name":"Maximum a posteriori estimation","score":0.41984444856643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.4126071333885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2711043059825897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15900138020515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.11947333812713623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7926908135414124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5569392442703247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.5252919793128967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778045648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176827","display_name":"Markov random field","level":4,"score":0.5021035671234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.49085384607315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.469372034072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46309471130371094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.4573781192302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.4371708333492279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9810830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635384","display_name":"Maximum a posteriori estimation","level":3,"score":0.41984444856643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.4126071333885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2711043059825897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15900138020515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.11947333812713623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2014.2320265","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2014.2320265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W93776389","https://openalex.org/W1563055963","https://openalex.org/W1766290689","https://openalex.org/W1809001740","https://openalex.org/W1964119857","https://openalex.org/W1979261109","https://openalex.org/W1992343604","https://openalex.org/W1997446368","https://openalex.org/W2003637680","https://openalex.org/W2006327170","https://openalex.org/W2008025584","https://openalex.org/W2008953084","https://openalex.org/W2032306167","https://openalex.org/W2039506494","https://openalex.org/W2051376734","https://openalex.org/W2069327651","https://openalex.org/W2083506609","https://openalex.org/W2088648483","https://openalex.org/W2093333750","https://openalex.org/W2097155149","https://openalex.org/W2101295974","https://openalex.org/W2101309634","https://openalex.org/W2102858470","https://openalex.org/W2105046342","https://openalex.org/W2111159811","https://openalex.org/W2119350939","https://openalex.org/W2124189704","https://openalex.org/W2125431326","https://openalex.org/W2129857356","https://openalex.org/W2139741288","https://openalex.org/W2143516773","https://openalex.org/W2147124620","https://openalex.org/W2147880316","https://openalex.org/W2150489619","https://openalex.org/W2151034334","https://openalex.org/W2157291767","https://openalex.org/W2164692160","https://openalex.org/W2169551590","https://openalex.org/W2170589361","https://openalex.org/W2183935850","https://openalex.org/W2951510884","https://openalex.org/W3044238769","https://openalex.org/W3144686557","https://openalex.org/W6603855434","https://openalex.org/W6633664588","https://openalex.org/W6638487310","https://openalex.org/W6674950339","https://openalex.org/W6676452916","https://openalex.org/W6678457944","https://openalex.org/W6682082992","https://openalex.org/W6686031500"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126747775","https://openalex.org/W2097090565","https://openalex.org/W2008444830","https://openalex.org/W2092834568","https://openalex.org/W2804375118","https://openalex.org/W2095844239","https://openalex.org/W2112506753","https://openalex.org/W1495937069","https://openalex.org/W2160831725","https://openalex.org/W2132110568"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Device-free":[0],"(DF)":[1],"localization":[2,29,218],"in":[3,26,145,166,172,210],"WLANs":[4],"has":[5,134],"been":[6],"introduced":[7,98],"as":[8],"a":[9,35,64,68,74,79,128,135,141,177,188],"value-added":[10],"service":[11],"that":[12,18,66,72,123,184,242],"allows":[13],"tracking":[14,33,45,165,190],"of":[15,34,42,54,104,110,113,192,226,237,247],"indoor":[16],"entities":[17,106,227],"do":[19],"not":[20],"carry":[21],"any":[22],"devices.":[23],"Previous":[24],"work":[25],"DF":[27,217],"WLAN":[28],"focused":[30],"on":[31,138,153],"the":[32,40,43,52,84,90,101,111,146,154,167,181,215,224,238],"single":[36],"entity":[37],"due":[38],"to":[39,82,99,107,127,158,199,206,229],"intractability":[41],"multi-entity":[44,189,253],"problem":[46,131],"whose":[47,132],"complexity":[48,137],"grows":[49],"exponentially":[50],"with":[51,78,176,180],"number":[53,112,225],"humans":[55,114],"being":[56,115],"tracked.":[57,116],"In":[58,220],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"we":[61],"introduce":[62],"ACE:":[63],"system":[65],"uses":[67],"probabilistic":[69],"energy-minimization":[70,121],"framework":[71],"combines":[73],"conditional":[75],"random":[76],"field":[77],"Markov":[80],"model":[81],"capture":[83],"temporal":[85],"and":[86,140,161,204,251],"spatial":[87],"relations":[88],"between":[89],"entities'":[91],"poses.":[92],"A":[93],"novel":[94],"cross-calibration":[95],"technique":[96],"is":[97],"reduce":[100,159],"calibration":[102],"overhead":[103],"multiple":[105],"linear,":[108],"regardless":[109],"We":[117,149],"design":[118],"an":[119,249],"efficient":[120,252],"function":[122],"can":[124,186],"be":[125],"mapped":[126],"binary":[129],"graph-cut":[130],"solution":[133],"linear":[136],"average":[139],"third":[142],"order":[143],"polynomial":[144],"worst":[147],"case.":[148],"further":[150],"employ":[151],"clustering":[152],"estimated":[155],"location":[156],"candidates":[157],"outliers":[160],"obtain":[162],"more":[163],"accurate":[164,250],"continuous":[168],"space.":[169],"Experimental":[170],"evaluation":[171],"two":[173],"typical":[174],"testbeds,":[175],"side-by-side":[178],"comparison":[179],"state-of-the-art,":[182],"shows":[183],"ACE":[185,243],"achieve":[187],"accuracy":[191],"less":[193],"than":[194],"1.3":[195],"m.":[196],"This":[197,240],"corresponds":[198],"at":[200],"least":[201],"11.8":[202],"percent,":[203,208],"up":[205],"33":[207],"enhancement":[209],"median":[211],"distance":[212],"error":[213,233],"over":[214],"state-of-the-art":[216],"systems.":[219],"addition,":[221],"ACEcan":[222],"estimate":[223],"correctly":[228],"within":[230],"one":[231],"difference":[232],"for":[234],"100":[235],"percent":[236],"time.":[239],"highlights":[241],"achieves":[244],"its":[245],"goals":[246],"having":[248],"indoors":[254],"localization.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}