{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145508494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2003.1217230","title":"Active memory processor: a hardware garbage collector for real-time java embedded devices","display_name":"Active memory processor: a hardware garbage collector for real-time java embedded devices","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145508494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2003.1217230","mag":"2145508494"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2003.1217230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2003.1217230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038574274","display_name":"Witawas Srisa\u2010an","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0021-5696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W. Srisa-an","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, NE, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111789205","display_name":"Chia\u2010Tien Dan Lo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Tien Dan Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Texas-San Antonio, West San Antonio, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Texas-San Antonio, West San Antonio, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055158787","display_name":"J. Morris Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0660-7191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.M. Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038574274"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5154,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89868485,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"89","last_page":"101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8579872846603394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heap","display_name":"Heap (data structure)","score":0.764593243598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/garbage-collection","display_name":"Garbage collection","score":0.7537986636161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manual-memory-management","display_name":"Manual memory management","score":0.5824486017227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-footprint","display_name":"Memory footprint","score":0.5688506364822388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/garbage","display_name":"Garbage","score":0.5515548586845398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5410436987876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-management","display_name":"Memory management","score":0.520305871963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.47951486706733704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java","display_name":"Java","score":0.4539406895637512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-portability","display_name":"Software portability","score":0.4314482808113098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-dynamic-memory-allocation","display_name":"C dynamic memory allocation","score":0.42285510897636414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-java","display_name":"Embedded Java","score":0.41832536458969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coprocessor","display_name":"Coprocessor","score":0.4159690737724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3531652092933655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-java","display_name":"Real time Java","score":0.21963536739349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.2153225839138031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/java-concurrency","display_name":"Java concurrency","score":0.15036770701408386}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8579872846603394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134757568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274089","display_name":"Heap (data structure)","level":2,"score":0.764593243598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105122174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322202","display_name":"Garbage collection","level":3,"score":0.7537986636161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82810778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6752316","display_name":"Manual memory management","level":4,"score":0.5824486017227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74912251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815727","display_name":"Memory footprint","level":2,"score":0.5688506364822388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75403996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5521979","display_name":"Garbage","level":2,"score":0.5515548586845398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5410436987876892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176649486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308807","display_name":"Memory management","level":3,"score":0.520305871963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.47951486706733704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548217200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251","display_name":"Java","level":2,"score":0.4539406895637512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.4314482808113098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34339311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050390","display_name":"C dynamic memory allocation","level":4,"score":0.42285510897636414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175224512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334980","display_name":"Embedded Java","level":5,"score":0.41832536458969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86111242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859595","display_name":"Coprocessor","level":2,"score":0.4159690737724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3531652092933655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132106392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1373903","display_name":"Real time Java","level":3,"score":0.21963536739349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.2153225839138031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181907185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1100098","display_name":"Java concurrency","level":4,"score":0.15036770701408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmc.2003.1217230","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmc.2003.1217230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S69141925","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","issn_l":"1536-1233","issn":["1536-1233","1558-0660","2161-9875"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310677","display_name":"University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323900","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W96430583","https://openalex.org/W100509257","https://openalex.org/W1524395918","https://openalex.org/W1560113744","https://openalex.org/W1583464938","https://openalex.org/W1992695751","https://openalex.org/W2043319140","https://openalex.org/W2071455557","https://openalex.org/W2072355430","https://openalex.org/W2113486106","https://openalex.org/W2120709082","https://openalex.org/W2121762814","https://openalex.org/W2131841266","https://openalex.org/W2136764572","https://openalex.org/W2141001602","https://openalex.org/W2151024523","https://openalex.org/W2154712280","https://openalex.org/W2161531345","https://openalex.org/W2164470257","https://openalex.org/W2611941393","https://openalex.org/W3198160809","https://openalex.org/W4252677778","https://openalex.org/W4301715052","https://openalex.org/W6603884910","https://openalex.org/W6999802702"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2245715030","https://openalex.org/W4242316017","https://openalex.org/W4255372513","https://openalex.org/W3214655618","https://openalex.org/W2042469414","https://openalex.org/W2027385009","https://openalex.org/W2404189283","https://openalex.org/W2019373956","https://openalex.org/W3027386293","https://openalex.org/W2145508494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Java":[0,20],"possesses":[1],"many":[2],"advantages":[3],"for":[4,26],"embedded":[5,27],"system":[6],"development,":[7],"including":[8],"fast":[9],"product":[10],"deployment,":[11],"portability,":[12],"security,":[13],"and":[14,57,69,83,153,164],"a":[15,44,73,106,177],"small":[16],"memory":[17,42,61,75,162,230],"footprint.":[18],"As":[19,72],"makes":[21],"inroads":[22],"into":[23],"the":[24,55,110,119,122,126,136,140,144,165,168,179,185,189,193,212,216,227],"market":[25],"systems,":[28],"much":[29],"effort":[30],"is":[31,51,97,105,181,196],"being":[32],"invested":[33],"in":[34,80,88,155,176,219],"designing":[35],"real-time":[36],"garbage":[37,70,217],"collectors.":[38],"The":[39],"proposed":[40,127,194],"garbage-collected":[41],"module,":[43],"bitmap-based":[45],"processor":[46],"with":[47],"standard":[48],"DRAM":[49],"cells":[50],"introduced":[52],"to":[53,160,214],"improve":[54],"performance":[56],"predictability":[58],"of":[59,101,121,138,167,184,192,229],"dynamic":[60],"management":[62],"functions":[63],"that":[64,206],"include":[65],"allocation,":[66],"reference":[67,132,173,208],"counting,":[68,133],"collection.":[71],"result,":[74],"allocation":[76],"can":[77,85,149,210],"be":[78,86,150],"done":[79,182],"constant":[81,94],"time":[82,95,115],"sweeping":[84,96,114],"performed":[87],"parallel":[89],"by":[90,232],"multiple":[91],"modules.":[92],"Thus,":[93],"also":[98,129,225],"achieved":[99],"regardless":[100],"heap":[102],"size.":[103],"This":[104],"major":[107],"departure":[108],"from":[109],"software":[111],"counterparts":[112],"where":[113],"depends":[116],"largely":[117],"on":[118],"size":[120],"heap.":[123],"In":[124],"addition,":[125],"design":[128,195],"supports":[130],"limited-field":[131],"which":[134],"has":[135,204],"advantage":[137],"distributing":[139],"processing":[141,180],"cost":[142,148,191],"throughout":[143],"execution.":[145],"However,":[146],"this":[147],"quite":[151],"large":[152],"results":[154],"higher":[156],"power":[157],"consumption":[158],"due":[159],"frequent":[161],"accesses":[163],"complexity":[166],"main":[169,186],"processor.":[170,187],"By":[171],"doing":[172],"counting":[174,209],"operation":[175],"coprocessor,":[178],"outside":[183],"Moreover,":[188,223],"hardware":[190],"very":[197],"modest":[198],"(about":[199],"8000":[200],"gates).":[201],"Our":[202],"study":[203],"shown":[205],"3-bit":[207],"eliminate":[211],"need":[213],"invoke":[215],"collector":[218],"all":[220],"tested":[221],"applications.":[222],"it":[224],"reduces":[226],"amount":[228],"usage":[231],"77":[233],"percent.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}