{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392024418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmbmc.2024.3368759","title":"Experimental Implementation of Molecule Shift Keying for Enhanced Molecular Communication","display_name":"Experimental Implementation of Molecule Shift Keying for Enhanced Molecular Communication","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392024418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmbmc.2024.3368759"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmbmc.2024.3368759","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmbmc.2024.3368759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490853239","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular Biological and Multi-Scale Communications","issn_l":"2332-7804","issn":["2332-7804","2372-2061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084537671","display_name":"Federico Cal\u00ec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9920-661X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Cal\u00ec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081457225","display_name":"Salvatore Barreca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9854-1598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salvatore Barreca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020295697","display_name":"Giovanni Li\u2010Destri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-659X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Li-Destri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102883376","display_name":"Alberto Torrisi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-7750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Torrisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049869380","display_name":"Antonino Licciardello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5146-8971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonino Licciardello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030137986","display_name":"Nunzio Tuccitto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4129-0406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nunzio Tuccitto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4129-0406","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6065,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61083296,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"175","last_page":"184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9894000291824341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-communication","display_name":"Molecular communication","score":0.8274240493774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keying","display_name":"Keying","score":0.6984312534332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecule","display_name":"Molecule","score":0.5812422633171082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paradigm-shift","display_name":"Paradigm shift","score":0.4564223289489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.38006845116615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.37895411252975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3585515320301056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23326072096824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.06900331377983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.05369514226913452}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779767902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17037278","display_name":"Molecular communication","level":4,"score":0.8274240493774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776542216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398306","display_name":"Keying","level":2,"score":0.6984312534332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32909587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11369","display_name":"Molecule","level":2,"score":0.5812422633171082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43540301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689971","display_name":"Paradigm shift","level":2,"score":0.4564223289489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.38006845116615295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.37895411252975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3585515320301056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23326072096824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.06900331377983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.05369514226913452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tmbmc.2024.3368759","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tmbmc.2024.3368759","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490853239","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular Biological and Multi-Scale Communications","issn_l":"2332-7804","issn":["2332-7804","2372-2061"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological, and Multi-Scale Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999760584","https://openalex.org/W2116194016","https://openalex.org/W2139762024","https://openalex.org/W2144594047","https://openalex.org/W2763148304","https://openalex.org/W2807326971","https://openalex.org/W3036939345","https://openalex.org/W3043726503","https://openalex.org/W3092304183","https://openalex.org/W3092565607","https://openalex.org/W3095827411","https://openalex.org/W3128746159","https://openalex.org/W3179200500","https://openalex.org/W3190097516","https://openalex.org/W3201835288","https://openalex.org/W4362714429","https://openalex.org/W4365801703","https://openalex.org/W4366377584","https://openalex.org/W4377000130"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990776132","https://openalex.org/W1991545742","https://openalex.org/W175208251","https://openalex.org/W3046169114","https://openalex.org/W3048731887","https://openalex.org/W2901869470","https://openalex.org/W4392824470","https://openalex.org/W2765776657","https://openalex.org/W3099959436","https://openalex.org/W2539093060"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Molecular":[0],"communication":[1,4,146],"is":[2,24,47,99],"a":[3,27,50,58],"paradigm":[5],"inspired":[6],"by":[7,69,90],"biological":[8],"systems,":[9],"where":[10],"chemical":[11],"signals":[12,67,83],"are":[13,75,88],"used":[14],"to":[15,37,132],"encode":[16,38],"and":[17,54,57,64,77,86,93,107,121],"transmit":[18],"information.":[19,40],"MoSK":[20,45],"(Molecule":[21],"Shift":[22],"Keying)":[23],"proposed":[25],"as":[26],"modulation":[28],"technique":[29],"that":[30],"utilizes":[31],"different":[32,124],"types":[33],"of":[34,84,96,103,123,140],"signaling":[35],"molecules":[36],"digital":[39],"A":[41],"prototype":[42],"platform":[43],"for":[44,137],"implementation":[46],"presented,":[48],"including":[49],"transmitter":[51],"with":[52],"infusion":[53],"selection":[55],"valves,":[56],"fluorescence-based":[59],"receiver.":[60],"The":[61,81,115],"receiver":[62],"detects":[63],"decodes":[65],"fluorescence":[66,82],"emitted":[68],"Graphene":[70],"Quantum":[71],"Dots":[72],"(GQDs),":[73],"which":[74],"water-soluble":[76],"fluorescent":[78],"molecular":[79,141,145],"messengers.":[80],"Blue-GQDs":[85],"Cyan-GQDs":[87],"acquired":[89],"the":[91,94,97,118],"receiver,":[92],"performance":[95],"system":[98],"evaluated":[100],"in":[101,143],"terms":[102],"synchronization,":[104],"detection":[105,120],"threshold,":[106],"symbol":[108],"recognition":[109,122,139],"using":[110],"Principal":[111],"Component":[112],"Analysis":[113],"(PCA).":[114],"results":[116],"demonstrate":[117],"successful":[119],"symbols,":[125],"even":[126],"at":[127],"lower":[128],"concentrations.":[129],"PCA":[130],"proves":[131],"be":[133],"an":[134],"efficient":[135],"method":[136],"qualitative":[138],"messengers":[142],"MoSK-based":[144],"systems.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}