{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406457912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2025.3530457","title":"MSC-Trans: A Multi-Feature-Fusion Network With Encoding Structure for Student Engagement Detecting","display_name":"MSC-Trans: A Multi-Feature-Fusion Network With Encoding Structure for Student Engagement Detecting","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406457912","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2025.3530457"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2025.3530457","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2025.3530457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nan Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3912-496X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sino-German College of Applied Sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3912-496X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sino-German College of Applied Sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051520283","display_name":"Zhengxu Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengxu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Vocational Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4324-2186","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Vocational Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079543386","display_name":"Haipeng Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7530-7662"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haipeng Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081644845","display_name":"Wei Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1761-6659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sino-German College of Applied Sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sino-German College of Applied Sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101933909","display_name":"Jiayin Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7949-925X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayin Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Vocational Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Vocational Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002372114","display_name":"Beier Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beier Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sino-German College of Applied Sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sino-German College of Applied Sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7825,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97747281,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"243","last_page":"255"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9154000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7656127214431763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.6585174202919006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6088786721229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43209031224250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.352374792098999}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7656127214431763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.6585174202919006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6088786721229553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43209031224250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.352374792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tlt.2025.3530457","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tlt.2025.3530457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130363450","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","issn_l":"1939-1382","issn":["1939-1382","2372-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967506110","https://openalex.org/W1976832559","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2100270025","https://openalex.org/W2124299914","https://openalex.org/W2129514660","https://openalex.org/W2147616398","https://openalex.org/W2163518692","https://openalex.org/W2165027149","https://openalex.org/W2558580397","https://openalex.org/W2590255117","https://openalex.org/W2887321751","https://openalex.org/W2895615678","https://openalex.org/W2965381101","https://openalex.org/W2972660800","https://openalex.org/W2980909283","https://openalex.org/W3038762006","https://openalex.org/W3098798439","https://openalex.org/W3113831542","https://openalex.org/W3161832360","https://openalex.org/W3181162804","https://openalex.org/W3206715694","https://openalex.org/W3212751556","https://openalex.org/W4285250231","https://openalex.org/W4313149788","https://openalex.org/W4313622526","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385429976","https://openalex.org/W4385482920","https://openalex.org/W4386981254","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6729597402"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Classroom":[0],"engagement":[1,45,199,218],"is":[2],"a":[3,79,87,93,105,130,211],"critical":[4],"factor":[5],"for":[6,17,123,163,216],"evaluating":[7],"students'":[8],"learning":[9],"outcomes":[10],"and":[11,24,32,63,92,111,170,204,213],"teachers'":[12],"instructional":[13],"strategies.":[14],"Traditional":[15],"methods":[16],"detecting":[18],"classroom":[19,150,185],"engagement,":[20],"such":[21],"as":[22],"coding":[23],"questionnaires,":[25],"are":[26],"often":[27],"limited":[28],"by":[29,120],"delays,":[30],"subjectivity,":[31],"external":[33],"interference.":[34],"While":[35],"some":[36],"neural":[37,89],"network":[38,90,99],"models":[39],"have":[40],"been":[41],"proposed":[42,98,192],"to":[43,58,140,158],"detect":[44],"using":[46],"video":[47],"data,":[48],"they":[49],"generally":[50],"rely":[51],"on":[52,109,167,178],"fixed":[53],"feature":[54,132,161,206],"combinations,":[55],"which":[56,113,135],"fail":[57],"capture":[59],"the":[60,74,121,179,191],"logical":[61],"connections":[62],"temporal":[64,80,131,164],"dynamics":[65],"of":[66,149],"engagement.To":[67],"address":[68],"these":[69],"challenges,":[70],"this":[71,153],"article":[72],"introduces":[73],"MSC-Trans":[75,172],"Engagement":[76,173],"Detecting":[77,174],"Network,":[78],"multimodal":[81,142],"data":[82],"fusion":[83,133,165],"framework":[84,155],"that":[85,190],"integrates":[86],"convolutional":[88],"(CNN)":[91],"multilayer":[94],"encoder\u2013decoder":[95,138],"structure.":[96],"The":[97],"includes":[100],"two":[101],"key":[102],"components:":[103],"first,":[104],"multilabel":[106],"classifier":[107],"based":[108,166],"ResNet":[110],"Transformer,":[112],"embeds":[114],"labels":[115],"into":[116],"image":[117],"features":[118,143],"extracted":[119],"CNN":[122],"high-precision":[124],"classification":[125],"through":[126],"background":[127],"inference,":[128],"second,":[129],"module,":[134],"leverages":[136],"an":[137],"structure":[139],"integrate":[141],"over":[144],"time,":[145],"enabling":[146],"stable":[147],"tracking":[148,200],"engagement.":[151],"Meanwhile,":[152],"open":[154],"allows":[156],"users":[157],"freely":[159],"select":[160],"combinations":[162],"specific":[168],"scenarios":[169],"needs.The":[171],"Network":[175],"was":[176],"validated":[177],"DAiSEE":[180],"dataset,":[181],"augmented":[182],"with":[183,202],"real":[184],"data.":[186],"Experimental":[187],"results":[188],"demonstrate":[189],"method":[193],"achieves":[194],"state-of-the-art":[195],"performance":[196],"in":[197,220],"continuous":[198],"metrics,":[201],"flexible":[203],"scalable":[205],"selection.":[207],"This":[208],"work":[209],"offers":[210],"robust":[212],"effective":[214],"approach":[215],"advancing":[217],"detection":[219],"educational":[221],"settings.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
